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Karpas

2016-04-07T02:18:58Z

MayerShmid: /* Type of Vegetable */Added content

==Obligation==
# The first food on the [[Kaarah]] ([[Seder]] Plate) is the karpas. Some hold that it's one of the mitzvot of the night to demonstrate slavery and freedom, while others hold that it's only brought to get the children to ask. <ref> The simple explanation of the Gemara Pesachim 114 is that we dip the Karpas to get the children to ask. However, Rambam holds that one has to eat a [[Kezayit]] of the Karpas implying that the Karpas has the status of a mitzvah of the night. See Rav Yosef D. Soloveitchik (Haggadat Si'ach HaGrid no. 5) who explains this more fully. The other aspects to Karpas is sourced in the Minhagim (Haggadah 16) who says that Karpas is eaten before the meal to act like royalty who serve appetizers before a meal. Lastly, the Avudraham (Seder HaHaggadah s.v. Vekatav HaRaavad) writes that Karpas represents the idea of slavery through the letters of Karpas spelled backwards: "Samech" which is equal to 60 (corresponding to the 600,000 who left Egypt) and the Avodat "Parech" (back-breaking labor). This can also be reflected in the practice to dip Karpas in salt water. </ref>

==Type of Vegetable==
# It's preferable to have celery as Karpas. However, there are differing minhagim and some of them include potato, radish, or parsley. Nonetheless, one should be careful to check for bugs, and if one is unable to check, one can fulfill their obligation with any vegetable, yet one should be careful it has the bracha of HaAdama. <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 114a doesn't identfy what vegetable should be taken as the vegetable dipped before the meal. Manhig (Siman 60) writes the Minhag is to do it with Karpas because of the drasha on the letters of Samach Parech. Arizal (quoted by Od Yosed Chai Tzav 6, Kaf HaChaim 473:14, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Pesach]] vol 2 pg 34)) writes that the minhag of using Karpas is established and shouldn't be changed. Rashi ([[Sukkah]] 39b) says that Karpas could be translated as cress (similar to parsley) but he heard (from his rabbis) that Karpas is translated as Apie. Sh"t Chatom Sofer 132 in the name of his teacher Rabbi Natan Adler says that the Apie vegetable is celery. Machasit haShekel (473:4) in name of medical books, and Sh"t Bet Shearim 213 concur that Karpas is celery. Halichot Shlomo writes that Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach when he was younger ate celery and in his later years had cucumber as Karpas. </ref>
# Rambam holds that it can be whatever one has <ref> Peirush Hamishnayos (Pesachim 10:3) </ref>

==Size of Karpas==
# One should eat a piece of Karpas that's smaller than a [[Kezayit]] so as not to get into a dispute about [[Bracha Achrona]]. <ref> Bet Yosef brings a dispute between the Rosh, Sh"t HaRashba, Tur, Hagahot Maimoniot, Hilchot Chametz U'[[Matzah]] 8:4 who hold that less than a [[Kezayit]] of Karpas is needed because the Karpas is only meant as a way to get the children to ask. However, Rambam (Hilchot Chametz U'[[Matzah]] 8:2) holds that one must have a [[Kezayit]] of karpas. [Another Rishon, the Rashbetz (Yafeh Shamuah pg 35) holds like Rambam because the washing of [[Urchatz]] only applies to dipping a vegetable of a the size of a [[Kezayit]].] Shulchan Aruch 473:6 rules like the Rosh against Rambam because of the issue brought up by the Sh"t Maharil 25. There's a dispute between Rashbam (Pesachim 114b s.v. peshita), who holds the Bracha on Karpas covers the [[Maror]], and the Tosfot (Pesachim 115a s.v. VeHadar in name of the Ri), who holds that the [[Maror]] doesn't need a bracha as it's part of the meal. This is why the Tur (473:6) writes that according to Rashbam one should not recite borei nefashot after karpas even if one did in fact eat a k'zayit, while according to Tosfot you would. Therefore, suggests the Maharil (Responsa 25), in order to satisfy the opinion of the Rashbam one should have less than a [[Kezayit]] so that one doesn't have to make a [[Bracha Achrona]] before the meal and put oneself in doubt about the Bracha on [[Maror]]. Shulchan Aruch 473:6 rules in accordance with Maharil. This is also the opinion of Mishna Brurah 473:53 and Sh"t Chazon Ovadyah 17. See further concerning the significance of Karpas at [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/743796/Rabbi%20Josh%20Flug/Karpas:%20The%20Vegetable%20at%20the%20Beginning%20of%20the%20Seder YUTorah by Rabbi Josh Flug]</ref> If a person is very hungry one may continue to eat karpas in a way that there’s no mental break between the karpas and maror, avoiding the dispute about reciting borei nefashot. <ref>Rav Hershel Schachter ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/791887/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyonei_Pesach_ “Inyonei Pesach 4”], min 54-5) </ref>

# If one did eat more than a [[Kezayit]] one shouldn't make a bracha of [[Boreh Nefashot]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 473:56 writes that even if one did eat more than a [[Kezayit]] one should not make a [[Boreh Nefashot]] because we want the HaAdama to cover the [[Maror]]. However the Gra holds that since the Ashkenaz Minhag is to make a bracha on each cup of wine, it must be that we hold that the Haggadah is an interruption and if so, one should make a [[Boreh Nefashot]]. Nonetheless, Beiur Halacha says that the Magen Avrham would argue that the reason we make a bracha on each cup is because each is it's own mitzvah and one can make the same claim that Karpas and [[Maror]] are separate Mitzvot. Chazon Ovadyah ([[Pesach]] vol 2 pg 42) concurs. </ref>

==Leaning during Karpas==
# There's a dispute whether one shouldn't or should lean during Karpas and it's preferable not to lean, but one if one wants one is permitted. <ref> There's a dispute in the Rishonim if one should lean during Karpas. Shibolei HaLeket (92b) writes that one shouldn't lean (probably for the reason that Karpas represents slavery and leaning represents freedom). However, Avudraham writes that one should lean during Karpas [perhaps the reasoning is that it's a mitzvah of the night and has some resemblance of freedom; see R. Moshe Shternbuch, Moadim U'Zmanim 7:183 who says that the Rambam would agree with the Avudraham]. The majority of Achronim including Mateh Moshe 625, Birkei Yosef 473:14, Shulchan Gavoha 473:29, Gra in Kiseh Eliyahu 473:4, and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Pesach]] vol 2 pg 40) rule like the Shibolei HaLeket and so one doesn't need to lean. Nonetheless, since by [[Maror]] is one wants one can lean (Bet Yosef 475, Magen Avraham, and Mishna Brurah 475:14), one is certainly allowed to lean during Karpas. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=1408 See further elaboration at dailyhalacha.com.]</ref>

==Bracha==
# When one makes the bracha on the Karpas, one should have in mind to cover the [[Maror]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 473:55 </ref>
# It's preferable that one person make the bracha for everyone and everyone can listen. However, if the one making the Bracha doesn't say the words accurately or won't have the proper intent to fulfill everyone else, everyone should make their own bracha. <ref> Chazon Ovadyah ([[Pesach]] vol 2 pg 35) </ref>

==Links==
# [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/743796/Rabbi%20Josh%20Flug/Karpas:%20The%20Vegetable%20at%20the%20Beginning%20of%20the%20Seder Karpas: The Vegetable at the Beginning of the Seder] by Rabbi Josh Flug
==Sources==
<references/>
[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Seder]]

Korech

2016-04-07T02:04:01Z

MayerShmid: Added content

{{Good}}
[[Korech]] is the eating of the [[Matzah]] with [[Maror]] (known as the Hillel Sandwich) on [[Pesach]] during the [[Seder]]. <ref> [http://www.chabad.org/holidays/passover/pesach_cdo/aid/1797/jewish/Korech.htm Chabad.org] </ref>

==What is Included?==
# One should take the bottom [[Matzah]] and eat it together with [[Maror]] and dip it in Charoset and then wipe the Charoset off. <Ref>S”A 475:1, Mishna Brurah 475:17, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=1411 Dailyhalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour.
* '''Source:''' The Gemara in Pesachim 115a records a dispute about how the Mitzvot of [[Matzah]] and [[Maror]] were fulfilled in the times that the temple stood. Chachamim say each thing was eaten on its own. Hillel held that you should wrap them up together into a sandwich to fulfill the Pasuk in Bamidbar 9:11 ,עַל-מַצּוֹת וּמְרֹרִים, יֹאכְלֻהוּ. Rambam Hilchot Chametz U'[[Matzah]] 8:7-8 brings this down. According to Rashi and Rashbam Pesachim 115a this sandwich included the korban [[Pesach]]. The gemara concludes that since there is no ruling on who we should hold like, the practice is to recite the bracha on [[matza]] and eat the [[matza]], recite the beracha on [[maror]] and eat the [[maror]], and then eat them together without a beracha, as a zecher lamikdash kihillel. Shulchan Aruch 475:1 codifies this. Mishna Brurah 475:16-18
* '''Shaking off Charoset''': Shulchan Aruch mentions shaking off the Charoset with [[Maror]] but doesn't mention it with korech and this is the opinion that he quotes in Beit Yosef 475 "Vichen Katav" in the name of the Maharil. Mishna Brurah 475:17 quotes the Maamar Mordechai that one should shake it off. Kaf Hachayim 475:32 says if you want to eat the Korech without shaking it off that you can. Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 405 agrees, as does [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=1411 Dailyhalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour. </ref> Some say not to dip the Korech in Charoset at all. <ref>Rama 475:1. Tur 475 quotes the Raavya 525 that we shouldn't dip the Korech in the Charoset because we already fulfill the obligation to dip when we eat [[Maror]], and the Charoset which is optional nullifies the obligation to fulfill [[Matzah]] and [[Maror]] according to Hillel (This logic is also brought by Rabbeinu Yonah (seder [[pesach]] pg. 274). He adds that dipping here would be adding to the two dippings that we mention is Ma Nishtana. There is also no danger from the [[Maror]] because the [[Matzah]] nullifies the bitterness. Tur 475 quotes the Rosh Pesachim 10:27 that we should dip, and this is the opinion of the Or Zarua 2:256, and Haghot Maimoniyot Hilchot Chametz u'[[Matzah]] 8:7 as well. Mishna Brurah 475:19 writes that most Achronim hold like S”A, but those who have the Minhag should continue the Minhag. Chazon Ovadia 1: pg. 736 rejects the objections quoted in the Tur and concludes that we should dip in Charoset. </ref> If one forgot to dip in charoset, and finds it difficult to repeat, he may be lenient. Even then, however, one should eat at least a small quantity of [[Matza]] and [[Maror]] with Charoset <ref> Chazon Ovadia – Laws of [[Pesach]], pg. 101, Seder Hearuch pg. 528, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=1411 Dailyhalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour. </ref>

#One should have a [[Kezayit]] of [[Matzah]] and of [[Maror]] for Korech. <ref> Mishna Brurah 475:16, Kaf Hachayim 475:30, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=1411 Dailyhalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour, Sh”t Chazon Ovadia 1:42 all write that one should eat a [[kezayit]] of [[matza]] and a [[kezayit]] of [[maror]] in the korech. Shaagat Aryeh 100 says that according to the Rosh who says that you should only eat a [[Kezayit]] when you say a Bracha, then there would be no need for a [[Kezayit]] here. He concludes himself though that one should eat a [[Kezayit]]. </ref>
# One shouldn’t mix anything into the Korech besides the [[matza]], [[maror]], and charoset. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 406, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=1411 Dailyhalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour </ref>

==How to combine them==
#Some say that the [[Maror]] should be placed on top of the [[Matzah]]<ref> Moadim U'Zmanim Haggada page 107 because the Gemara says he wraps the [[Matzah]] and [[Maror]], not that he wraps one in the other. </ref>, some say to wrap the [[Matzah]] in [[Maror]]<ref> Rabbeinu Chananel Pesachim 115a, Sefer Hachinuch mitzva 21 </ref>, while some say to place the [[Maror]] between the [[Matzah|Matzot]]. <ref> Aruch Hashulchan 475:7, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 119:7. </ref> All of these methods are valid. <ref> Haggadat Moadim U'Zmanim page 107, Kitzur S”A 119:7, Aruch Hashulchan 475:7, Seder Hearuch pg. 527. see Haggadat Moadim Uzmanim pg. 107 for other opinions. The Mishnat Yaakov 475 explains that the reason the custom changed from wrapping the [[Matzah]] in [[Maror]] to putting the [[Maror]] between the [[Matzah|Matzot]] is that people started to use horseradish for [[Maror]] instead of romaine lettuce. </ref>

==How to Eat?==
# One should not make a interruption that is unrelated to the Mitzvot from the time that he makes the [[Brachot]] on [[Matzah]] and [[Maror]] until eating the Korech. <Ref>S”A 475:1, Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 405, Tur 475 quoting the Sefer Hamanhig Hilchot [[Pesach]] 84. see [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/723317/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/Brocha_on_Korech Brocha on Korech] by Rav Zvi Sobolofsky, where he explains that the reason we don’t recite a beracha on korech in the first place is because we assume that the [[berachot]] for [[matza]] and [[maror]] separately cover it </ref> After the fact if one made an interruption one still doesn’t make a Bracha on Korech . <Ref> Mishna Brurah 475:24, Sh”t Chazon Ovadyah 1:41, Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 405 </ref>
# One should eat the Korech while leaning. <Ref>S”A 475:1, , Ben Ish Chai Tzav:34, Kaf Hachaim 475:36, Mishna Brura 475:23, Chazon Ovadia [[Pesach]] 5763 pg. 100, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=1411 Dailyhalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour </ref> If one didn’t lean and it’s difficult to repeat it one doesn’t have to. <Ref>Sh”t Chazon Ovadyah 1:40, Kaf Hachaim 475:36, Mekor Chaim 475, S”A HaRav 475:20, Pri [[Chadash]] 475:1, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=1411 Dailyhalacha] by Rabbi Eli Mansour </ref>

==What to Say==
# Sephardim should say the words “Zecher LeMikdash KeHillel." <Ref>S”A 475:1, Chazon Ovadia [[Pesach]] 5763 pg. 100, Darchei Moshe 475:3 quoting the Maharil. Beiur Halacha 475:1 s.v. VeOmer asks on the source for this practice, and says that perhaps there’s no reason. He also wonders why this is not considered a break, which the Shulchan Aruch says one shouldn't have between the Hamotzi before the first [[Matzah]] eating and the Korech. He gives two potential answers to this. According to the first answer, really the Shulchan Aruch wasn't careful with the order he put it in, and one should really eat and then say it. The second answer is that we should change the language of the Shulchan Aruch and you're not really supposed to say it at all. He leaves both questions unresolved. However, Sh”t Yechave Daat 1:19 and Sh”t Chazon Ovadyah 1:41 writes that this is the proper practice. Seder Hearuch pg. 528 and Piskei Teshuvot 475:6 say that even ashkenazim have the minhag to say it against the MB. Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik quoted in Harirei Kedem 2:93 explains that really Korech isn't part of the obligations of [[Matzah]] and [[Maror]] but is just an independent expression of remembering the temple and there would then be no problem of a break. He says though, that Rav Chaim Soloveitchik would not interrupt between Motzi [[Matzah]] and the [[Matzah]] of Afikoman in accordance with the ruling of the Shl"a. [http://koltorah.org/ravj/ZecherLemikdashKehillel.htm Rabbi Chaim Jachter] says that Rav Soloveitchik would recite it after eating Korech. </ref> Ashkenazim should say זֵכֶר לְמִקְדָּשׁ כְּהִלֵּל. כֵּן עָשָׂה הִלֵּל בִּזְמַן שבֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הָיָה קַיָים: הָיָה כּוֹרֵךְ מַצָּה וּמָרוֹר וְאוֹכֵל בְּיַחַד <ref>Mishna Brurah 475:21, Shulchan Aruch Harav 475:18. </ref>
==Links==
* [http://koltorah.org/ravj/ZecherLemikdashKehillel.htm Zecher Lemikdash Kehillel] by Rabbi Jachter
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/733678 Korech: The Matzah and Maror Sandwich] by Rabbi Josh Flug

==Sources==
<references/>
[[Category:Seder]]
[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Holidays]]