Drawing or Sculpting Forbidden Images - Revision history

Mpg613: /* Non Idolatrous Images */ added links

2025-04-29T23:33:06Z

Non Idolatrous Images: added links

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:33, 29 April 2025
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	#Even if the item was made by someone else, if it protrudes, there is often an addition prohibiting component known as "Chashad" - that one is suspect of worshiping the image. Chashad applies to all images, not only those prohibited by function of Lo Ta'asun Itti.<ref>Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:5)</ref> Although the Gemara states that a public setting ("Rabbim") removes the concern of Chashad, the Poskim write how employing that leniency is frowned upon.<ref>Rabbeinu Yerucham quoted in Bedek HaBayit (Yoreh Deah 141:4), Shach (Yoreh Deah 141:27)</ref>		#Even if the item was made by someone else, if it protrudes, there is often an addition prohibiting component known as "Chashad" - that one is suspect of worshiping the image. Chashad applies to all images, not only those prohibited by function of Lo Ta'asun Itti.<ref>Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:5)</ref> Although the Gemara states that a public setting ("Rabbim") removes the concern of Chashad, the Poskim write how employing that leniency is frowned upon.<ref>Rabbeinu Yerucham quoted in Bedek HaBayit (Yoreh Deah 141:4), Shach (Yoreh Deah 141:27)</ref>
	#An image that physically protrudes is known as "Boletet," and one that is etched into a surface is known as "Shoka'at." Some consider painted images, images drawn with ink, and embroidered images to be protruding<ref>Ritva (Avodah Zarah 43b), Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:6)</ref>, but many disagree.<ref>See Taz (Yoreh Deah 141:13) and Nekudot HaKesef ad loc. and Avnei Derech 5:11</ref> Some argue photography is neither Boletet nor Shoka'at, because it's completely flat.<ref>Yabia Omer (vol. 4 Yoreh Deah 22:3, vol. 11 Orach Chaim 53), Yechave Da'at 3:63, Halichot Olam (vol. 7 pg 282, Masei 4)</ref>		#An image that physically protrudes is known as "Boletet," and one that is etched into a surface is known as "Shoka'at." Some consider painted images, images drawn with ink, and embroidered images to be protruding<ref>Ritva (Avodah Zarah 43b), Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:6)</ref>, but many disagree.<ref>See Taz (Yoreh Deah 141:13) and Nekudot HaKesef ad loc. and Avnei Derech 5:11</ref> Some argue photography is neither Boletet nor Shoka'at, because it's completely flat.<ref>Yabia Omer (vol. 4 Yoreh Deah 22:3, vol. 11 Orach Chaim 53), Yechave Da'at 3:63, Halichot Olam (vol. 7 pg 282, Masei 4)</ref>
	#Drawing an image of the sun to demonstrate what happens in Maaseh Bereshit to explain pesukim in the Torah is an example of instructional purposes.<ref>Shevet HaLevi 7:134:8, Iggerot Moshe yd 3:33, Halichot Olam (vol. 7 page 288)</ref> but sculpting a sculpture in a course to learn how is not.<ref>Chatam Sofer Yoreh Deah 128, Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:8*). That's learning to make (Lilmod Laasot). Although, leaving the last few parts for someone else to finish might be permissible</ref>		#Drawing an image of the sun to demonstrate what happens in Maaseh Bereshit to explain pesukim in the Torah is an example of instructional purposes.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1417&pgnum=146 Shevet HaLevi 7:134:8], [https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=920&pgnum=267 Iggerot Moshe Y.D. 3:33], Halichot Olam (vol. 7 page 288)</ref> but sculpting a sculpture in a course to learn how is not.<ref>Chatam Sofer Yoreh Deah 128, Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:8*). That's learning to make (Lilmod Laasot). Although, leaving the last few parts for someone else to finish might be permissible</ref>

	==Angels and Other Heavenly Entities==		==Angels and Other Heavenly Entities==

Unknown user: /* Human Images */

2023-03-31T20:11:22Z

Human Images

Show changes

Unknown user: Text replacement - " Biblical" to " biblical"

2020-12-02T21:48:13Z

Text replacement - " Biblical" to " biblical"

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, 2 December 2020
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	# It is prohibited to construct a wax figure in the image of a human, but one may visit a wax museum provided the figures were produced by non-Jews. If they were made by Jews, though, some Poskim forbid it due to the Chillul Hashem of religious people coming to see items created in sin.<ref>Teshuvot veHanhagot 3:263, Avnei Yashfeh 1:151 explaining a ruling of Rav Elyashiv</ref>		# It is prohibited to construct a wax figure in the image of a human, but one may visit a wax museum provided the figures were produced by non-Jews. If they were made by Jews, though, some Poskim forbid it due to the Chillul Hashem of religious people coming to see items created in sin.<ref>Teshuvot veHanhagot 3:263, Avnei Yashfeh 1:151 explaining a ruling of Rav Elyashiv</ref>
	# One could justify possessing such a human image if it is placed in a public venue, such as a synagogue or cemetery. Although relying on that leniency is discouraged by many,<ref>Chatam Sofer (Yoreh Deah 6:4) see also ibid 6:6. See Beit David Yoreh Deah 75.</ref> poskim cite it to permit on to display a manikin in a store window,<ref>Az Nidberu 8:59 relying on the Chochmat Adam that there is no chashad of Adam nowadays</ref> but many disagree and only allow a bust but not a full manikin.<ref>Halichot Olam (vol. 7 page 285, Masei 4-5), Yalkut Yosef (Yoreh Deah 141:2, 7). Nevertheless, since we're discussing matters of Issurei Deoraita, the Ben Ish Chai (Shanah II, Masei 10) recommends being Machmir.</ref>		# One could justify possessing such a human image if it is placed in a public venue, such as a synagogue or cemetery. Although relying on that leniency is discouraged by many,<ref>Chatam Sofer (Yoreh Deah 6:4) see also ibid 6:6. See Beit David Yoreh Deah 75.</ref> poskim cite it to permit on to display a manikin in a store window,<ref>Az Nidberu 8:59 relying on the Chochmat Adam that there is no chashad of Adam nowadays</ref> but many disagree and only allow a bust but not a full manikin.<ref>Halichot Olam (vol. 7 page 285, Masei 4-5), Yalkut Yosef (Yoreh Deah 141:2, 7). Nevertheless, since we're discussing matters of Issurei Deoraita, the Ben Ish Chai (Shanah II, Masei 10) recommends being Machmir.</ref>
	# Some say one would have to give up his life ([[Kiddush Hashem]]) rather than violate this prohibition.<ref>Kol Mevaser 1:14 writes that creating a protruding image of a human is a ~~Biblical~~ prohibition of Lo Tasun Itti which is a detail of Avoda Zara. Therefore, he writes that one should give up one's life to avoid violating that prohibition. He cites the Minchat Chinuch 39. He also cites a story in Josephus (Antiques of the Jew v. 18 ch. 3 n. 1) about a town that opposed the Cesar's decree to put up flags with his image on them and were killed because of that.</ref>		# Some say one would have to give up his life ([[Kiddush Hashem]]) rather than violate this prohibition.<ref>Kol Mevaser 1:14 writes that creating a protruding image of a human is a biblical prohibition of Lo Tasun Itti which is a detail of Avoda Zara. Therefore, he writes that one should give up one's life to avoid violating that prohibition. He cites the Minchat Chinuch 39. He also cites a story in Josephus (Antiques of the Jew v. 18 ch. 3 n. 1) about a town that opposed the Cesar's decree to put up flags with his image on them and were killed because of that.</ref>

	==Animals and Plants==		==Animals and Plants==

Unknown user: Text replacement - ". " to "."

2020-07-14T23:28:35Z

Text replacement - ". <ref>" to ".<ref>"

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	# Making a model to demonstrate what the Torah is referring to (i.e. educational purposes) is permissible.<ref>Iggerot Moshe (Yoreh Deah 3:33), Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>		# Making a model to demonstrate what the Torah is referring to (i.e. educational purposes) is permissible.<ref>Iggerot Moshe (Yoreh Deah 3:33), Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>
	===Vessels of the Bet Hamikdash===		===Vessels of the Bet Hamikdash===
	# Ultimately, any deviation that would render a vessel invalid for Mikdash purposes renders it permissible to be construct outside of the Mikdash. <ref>Ritva Avodah Zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>		# Ultimately, any deviation that would render a vessel invalid for Mikdash purposes renders it permissible to be construct outside of the Mikdash.<ref>Ritva Avodah Zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>
	===Making a Seven Branch Menorah===		===Making a Seven Branch Menorah===
	# It’s forbidden to make a menorah of seven branches even of other metals besides gold, even if it’s not 18 Tefachim tall, and even without the appropriate designs such as the flowers and bolts of the menorah.<ref>Avodah Zarah 43a, Rosh HaShanah 24a, Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:8)</ref> However, it’s permissible to make it out of wood or non-metals.<ref>Shach (Yoreh Deah 141:35</ref> Having curved as opposed to straight branches does not make it permissible.<ref>Bechor Shor quoted in Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:14)</ref>		# It’s forbidden to make a menorah of seven branches even of other metals besides gold, even if it’s not 18 Tefachim tall, and even without the appropriate designs such as the flowers and bolts of the menorah.<ref>Avodah Zarah 43a, Rosh HaShanah 24a, Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:8)</ref> However, it’s permissible to make it out of wood or non-metals.<ref>Shach (Yoreh Deah 141:35</ref> Having curved as opposed to straight branches does not make it permissible.<ref>Bechor Shor quoted in Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:14)</ref>

Unknown user: /* Sun, Moon, and Stars */

2020-07-07T20:18:30Z

Sun, Moon, and Stars

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:18, 7 July 2020
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	# Some say that it is forbidden to create a temporary image of a sun, moon, or stars.<ref>Minchat Yitzchak 10:72 writes that it is forbidden to temporarily create the image of a sun or moon since it is considered an asiya (creation). See however Darkei Teshuva 141:27.</ref>		# Some say that it is forbidden to create a temporary image of a sun, moon, or stars.<ref>Minchat Yitzchak 10:72 writes that it is forbidden to temporarily create the image of a sun or moon since it is considered an asiya (creation). See however Darkei Teshuva 141:27.</ref>
	# One should not bake cookies in the shape of a moon.<ref>Shevet HaLevi 7:134:10, Avnei Derech 9:106</ref>		# One should not bake cookies in the shape of a moon.<ref>Shevet HaLevi 7:134:10, Avnei Derech 9:106</ref>
	# Stained glass windows in shul with the sun in the middle are a violation of both this prohibition as well as Chukot Akum.<ref>Chatam Sofer (Yoreh Deah 129), Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:3)</ref>		# Stained glass windows in shul with the sun in the middle are a violation of both this prohibition as well as [[Chukot Akum]].<ref>Chatam Sofer (Yoreh Deah 129), Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:3)</ref>
	# Taking a photo of the sun, moon, or stars and developing the negative may not be prohibited but printing it most probably is. Keeping it certainly is.<ref>Shevet Halevi 7:134:6. See Minchat Yitzchak 10:72</ref>		# Taking a photo of the sun, moon, or stars and developing the negative may not be prohibited but printing it most probably is. Keeping it certainly is.<ref>Shevet Halevi 7:134:6. See Minchat Yitzchak 10:72</ref>

Unknown user: /* Human Images */

2020-07-07T20:13:58Z

Human Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:13, 7 July 2020
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	# It is prohibited to construct a wax figure in the image of a human, but one may visit a wax museum provided the figures were produced by non-Jews. If they were made by Jews, though, some Poskim forbid it due to the Chillul Hashem of religious people coming to see items created in sin.<ref>Teshuvot veHanhagot 3:263, Avnei Yashfeh 1:151 explaining a ruling of Rav Elyashiv</ref>		# It is prohibited to construct a wax figure in the image of a human, but one may visit a wax museum provided the figures were produced by non-Jews. If they were made by Jews, though, some Poskim forbid it due to the Chillul Hashem of religious people coming to see items created in sin.<ref>Teshuvot veHanhagot 3:263, Avnei Yashfeh 1:151 explaining a ruling of Rav Elyashiv</ref>
	# One could justify possessing such a human image if it is placed in a public venue, such as a synagogue or cemetery. Although relying on that leniency is discouraged by many,<ref>Chatam Sofer (Yoreh Deah 6:4) see also ibid 6:6. See Beit David Yoreh Deah 75.</ref> poskim cite it to permit on to display a manikin in a store window,<ref>Az Nidberu 8:59 relying on the Chochmat Adam that there is no chashad of Adam nowadays</ref> but many disagree and only allow a bust but not a full manikin.<ref>Halichot Olam (vol. 7 page 285, Masei 4-5), Yalkut Yosef (Yoreh Deah 141:2, 7). Nevertheless, since we're discussing matters of Issurei Deoraita, the Ben Ish Chai (Shanah II, Masei 10) recommends being Machmir.</ref>		# One could justify possessing such a human image if it is placed in a public venue, such as a synagogue or cemetery. Although relying on that leniency is discouraged by many,<ref>Chatam Sofer (Yoreh Deah 6:4) see also ibid 6:6. See Beit David Yoreh Deah 75.</ref> poskim cite it to permit on to display a manikin in a store window,<ref>Az Nidberu 8:59 relying on the Chochmat Adam that there is no chashad of Adam nowadays</ref> but many disagree and only allow a bust but not a full manikin.<ref>Halichot Olam (vol. 7 page 285, Masei 4-5), Yalkut Yosef (Yoreh Deah 141:2, 7). Nevertheless, since we're discussing matters of Issurei Deoraita, the Ben Ish Chai (Shanah II, Masei 10) recommends being Machmir.</ref>
	# Some say one would have to give up his life ([[Kiddush Hashem]])) rather than violate this prohibition.<ref>Kol Mevaser 1:14 writes that creating a protruding image of a human is a Biblical prohibition of Lo Tasun Itti which is a detail of Avoda Zara. Therefore, he writes that one should give up one's life to avoid violating that prohibition. He cites the Minchat Chinuch 39. He also cites a story in Josephus (Antiques of the Jew v. 18 ch. 3 n. 1) about a town that opposed the Cesar's decree to put up flags with his image on them and were killed because of that.</ref>		# Some say one would have to give up his life ([[Kiddush Hashem]]) rather than violate this prohibition.<ref>Kol Mevaser 1:14 writes that creating a protruding image of a human is a Biblical prohibition of Lo Tasun Itti which is a detail of Avoda Zara. Therefore, he writes that one should give up one's life to avoid violating that prohibition. He cites the Minchat Chinuch 39. He also cites a story in Josephus (Antiques of the Jew v. 18 ch. 3 n. 1) about a town that opposed the Cesar's decree to put up flags with his image on them and were killed because of that.</ref>

	==Animals and Plants==		==Animals and Plants==

Unknown user: /* Replications of the Vessels of the Temple */

2020-07-07T19:48:13Z

Replications of the Vessels of the Temple

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:48, 7 July 2020
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	==Replications of the Vessels of the Temple==		==Replications of the Vessels of the Temple==
	# The Torah prohibits one from constructing exact replicas of the Mishkan, Beit HaMikdash, and their vessels, such as the Menorah, Shulchan, and Mizbeach.<ref>Shemot 22:19, Avodah Zarah 43a, Rosh Hashana 24a, Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:8). Rav Moshe Feinstein (Iggerot Moshe Yoreh Deah 3:33) notes how the measurements of all versions of the Mishkan and Beit HaMikdash are included. Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>		# The Torah prohibits one from constructing exact replicas of the Mishkan, Beit HaMikdash, and their vessels, such as the Menorah, Shulchan, and Mizbeach.<ref>Shemot 22:19, Avodah Zarah 43a, Rosh Hashana 24a, Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:8). Rav Moshe Feinstein (Iggerot Moshe Yoreh Deah 3:33) notes how the measurements of all versions of the Mishkan and Beit HaMikdash are included. Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>
	# According to some Rishonim, even possessing any such object is Assur Min HaTorah<ref>Rashba as quoted by the Ritva (Rosh HaShanah 24b and Avodah Zarah 43b) and Ran (Avodah Zarah 43b).</ref>, while some Poskim disagree.<ref>Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:12)</ref>		# According to some Rishonim, even possessing any such object is Assur Min HaTorah<ref>Rashba as quoted by the Ritva (Rosh HaShanah 24b and Avodah Zarah 43b) and Ran (Avodah Zarah 43b).</ref>, while some Poskim disagree.<ref>Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:12)</ref>
	# The Rambam placed these Halachot in Hilchot Beit HaBechirah (7:10), not in Hilchot Avodah Zara, potentially because he saw the issur to be a function of Mora Mikdash.<ref>Minchat Chinuch 39:1</ref> Others suggest that it's because he includes building the vessels of the Beit HaMikdash in the grander Mitzvah of building the Beit HaMikdash itself,<ref>Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot (Aseh 20), Shevet HaLevi 3:106</ref>, unlike the Ramban who thinks they are separate.<ref>Hasagot leSefer HaMitzvot Shoresh 12, Aseh 33. See Beis Yitzchok 29 pg. 454.</ref>		# The Rambam placed these Halachot in Hilchot Beit HaBechirah (7:10), not in Hilchot Avodah Zara, potentially because he saw the issur to be a function of Mora Mikdash.<ref>Minchat Chinuch 39:1</ref> Others suggest that it's because he includes building the vessels of the Beit HaMikdash in the grander Mitzvah of building the Beit HaMikdash itself,<ref>Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot (Aseh 20), Shevet HaLevi 3:106</ref> unlike the Ramban who thinks they are separate.<ref>Hasagot leSefer HaMitzvot Shoresh 12, Aseh 33. See Beis Yitzchok 29 pg. 454.</ref>
	===Drawings===		===Drawings===
	# Drawings of these are permitted, as well.<ref>Ritva Avodah Zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>		# Drawings of these are permitted, as well.<ref>Ritva Avodah Zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>

Unknown user: /* Replications of the Vessels of the Temple */

2020-07-07T19:45:34Z

Replications of the Vessels of the Temple

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 7 July 2020
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	==Replications of the Vessels of the Temple==		==Replications of the Vessels of the Temple==
	# The Torah prohibits one from constructing exact replicas of the Mishkan, Beit HaMikdash, and their vessels, such as the Menorah~~, Ulam~~, Shulchan, and Mizbeach.<ref>Shemot 22:19, Avodah Zarah 43a, Rosh Hashana 24a, Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:8). Rav Moshe Feinstein (Iggerot Moshe Yoreh Deah 3:33) notes how the measurements of all versions of the Mishkan and Beit HaMikdash are included. Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>		# The Torah prohibits one from constructing exact replicas of the Mishkan, Beit HaMikdash, and their vessels, such as the Menorah, Shulchan, and Mizbeach.<ref>Shemot 22:19, Avodah Zarah 43a, Rosh Hashana 24a, Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:8). Rav Moshe Feinstein (Iggerot Moshe Yoreh Deah 3:33) notes how the measurements of all versions of the Mishkan and Beit HaMikdash are included. Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>
	# According to some Rishonim, even possessing any such object is Assur Min HaTorah<ref>Rashba as quoted by the Ritva (Rosh HaShanah 24b and Avodah Zarah 43b) and Ran (Avodah Zarah 43b).</ref>, while some Poskim disagree.<ref>Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:12)</ref>		# According to some Rishonim, even possessing any such object is Assur Min HaTorah<ref>Rashba as quoted by the Ritva (Rosh HaShanah 24b and Avodah Zarah 43b) and Ran (Avodah Zarah 43b).</ref>, while some Poskim disagree.<ref>Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:12)</ref>
			# The Rambam placed these Halachot in Hilchot Beit HaBechirah (7:10), not in Hilchot Avodah Zara, potentially because he saw the issur to be a function of Mora Mikdash.<ref>Minchat Chinuch 39:1</ref> Others suggest that it's because he includes building the vessels of the Beit HaMikdash in the grander Mitzvah of building the Beit HaMikdash itself,<ref>Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot (Aseh 20), Shevet HaLevi 3:106</ref>, unlike the Ramban who thinks they are separate.<ref>Hasagot leSefer HaMitzvot Shoresh 12, Aseh 33. See Beis Yitzchok 29 pg. 454.</ref>
			===Drawings===
	# Drawings of these are permitted, as well.<ref>Ritva Avodah Zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>		# Drawings of these are permitted, as well.<ref>Ritva Avodah Zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>
	# The Rambam placed these Halachot in Hilchot Beit HaBechirah (7:10), not in Hilchot Avodah Zara, potentially because he saw the issur to be a function of Mora Mikdash.<ref>Minchat Chinuch 39:1</ref> Others suggest that it's because he includes building the vessels of the Beit HaMikdash in the grander Mitzvah of building the Beit HaMikdash itself,<ref>Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot (Aseh 20), Shevet HaLevi 3:106</ref>, unlike the Ramban who thinks they are separate.<ref>Hasagot leSefer HaMitzvot Shoresh 12, Aseh 33. See Beis Yitzchok 29 pg. 454.</ref>		===For Education Purposes===
	# Making a model to demonstrate what the Torah is referring to (i.e. educational purposes) is permissible.<ref>Iggerot Moshe (Yoreh Deah 3:33), Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>		# Making a model to demonstrate what the Torah is referring to (i.e. educational purposes) is permissible.<ref>Iggerot Moshe (Yoreh Deah 3:33), Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>
	# Ultimately, any deviation that would render a vessel invalid for Mikdash purposes renders it permissible to be construct outside of the Mikdash. <ref>Ritva Avodah ~~zarah~~ 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>		===Vessels of the Bet Hamikdash===
			# Ultimately, any deviation that would render a vessel invalid for Mikdash purposes renders it permissible to be construct outside of the Mikdash. <ref>Ritva Avodah Zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>
			===Making a Seven Branch Menorah===
	# It’s forbidden to make a menorah of seven branches even of other metals besides gold, even if it’s not 18 Tefachim tall, and even without the appropriate designs such as the flowers and bolts of the menorah.<ref>Avodah Zarah 43a, Rosh HaShanah 24a, Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:8)</ref> However, it’s permissible to make it out of wood or non-metals.<ref>Shach (Yoreh Deah 141:35</ref> Having curved as opposed to straight branches does not make it permissible.<ref>Bechor Shor quoted in Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:14)</ref>		# It’s forbidden to make a menorah of seven branches even of other metals besides gold, even if it’s not 18 Tefachim tall, and even without the appropriate designs such as the flowers and bolts of the menorah.<ref>Avodah Zarah 43a, Rosh HaShanah 24a, Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:8)</ref> However, it’s permissible to make it out of wood or non-metals.<ref>Shach (Yoreh Deah 141:35</ref> Having curved as opposed to straight branches does not make it permissible.<ref>Bechor Shor quoted in Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:14)</ref>
	# If one ends up in possession of a seven branch menorah, he should remove or add a branch.<ref>Shiurei Beracha (Yoreh Deah 141:8)</ref> If there is no trunk and just seven branches coming out of a flat base, the prohibition does not apply, especially if they're not all in a straight row.<ref>Mishpetei Uziel 2:18, Shevet HaLevi 10:129</ref>		# If one ends up in possession of a seven branch menorah, he should remove or add a branch.<ref>Shiurei Beracha (Yoreh Deah 141:8)</ref> If there is no trunk and just seven branches coming out of a flat base, the prohibition does not apply, especially if they're not all in a straight row.<ref>Mishpetei Uziel 2:18, Shevet HaLevi 10:129</ref>
	# Many poskim permit a seven branch electrical menorah, because the variation of electric bulbs as opposed to cup of oil with wicks is significant enough to avoid the issur. On this basis, a shul is allowed to keep such a Menorah if they end up in possession of it.<ref>Rav Ben Tzion Meir Chai Uziel (Misheptei Uziel 2:18) and Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer vol. 2 Orach Chaim 12, Yechaveh Daat 3:61 and 7:142, Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288) were lenient because it's significantly different from the Menorah in the Mikdash, plus it's made by other people, even though the Shoel Meshiv thinks that a shinui in nerot isn't me'akev to be posel. Also, when used as a decoration in shul, the good intentions of wanting to adorn the miniature House of Hashem and the lack of intention to copy the Mikdash are additional reasons to be lenient. Yaskil Avdi (vol. 7 Yoreh Deah 16) quotes Rav Herzog who thought that the lack of beit kibbul is enough to be mattir, but he recommends one be strict since it's a Torah level prohibition. Yesodei Yeshurun R' Gedalia Felder vol. 1 page 47 (Maarechet Beit HaKnesset #31) quotes the Machloket. Rav Schachter (oral communication) recommends staying away. See also [https://itorah.com/global-search/menorah%20seven%20branches Rabbi Eli Mansour' Daily Halacha on iTorah]</ref>		# Many poskim permit a seven branch electrical menorah, because the variation of electric bulbs as opposed to cup of oil with wicks is significant enough to avoid the issur. On this basis, a shul is allowed to keep such a Menorah if they end up in possession of it.<ref>Rav Ben Tzion Meir Chai Uziel (Misheptei Uziel 2:18) and Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer vol. 2 Orach Chaim 12, Yechaveh Daat 3:61 and 7:142, Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288) were lenient because it's significantly different from the Menorah in the Mikdash, plus it's made by other people, even though the Shoel Meshiv thinks that a shinui in nerot isn't me'akev to be posel. Also, when used as a decoration in shul, the good intentions of wanting to adorn the miniature House of Hashem and the lack of intention to copy the Mikdash are additional reasons to be lenient. Yaskil Avdi (vol. 7 Yoreh Deah 16) quotes Rav Herzog who thought that the lack of beit kibbul is enough to be mattir, but he recommends one be strict since it's a Torah level prohibition. Yesodei Yeshurun R' Gedalia Felder vol. 1 page 47 (Maarechet Beit HaKnesset #31) quotes the Machloket. Rav Schachter (oral communication) recommends staying away. See also [https://itorah.com/global-search/menorah%20seven%20branches Rabbi Eli Mansour's Daily Halacha on iTorah]</ref>
			===Replicating the Bet Hamikdash===
			# It is only forbidden to make the a house the dimensions of the Hiechal, a porch the dimensions of the Ulam, and a courtyard the dimensions of the Azara of the Bet Hamikdash.<ref>Rosh Hashana 24a, Avoda Zara 43a, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 141:8</ref> The dimensions of the Heichal in the second Bet Hamikdash were 60 amot by 20 amot by 40 amot tall.<ref>Mishna Middot 4:7, Rambam Bet Habechira 4:3. See there for the thicknesses of the walls.</ref> In the first Bet Hamikdash it was 30 amot tall<ref>Melachim 1:6:2, Bava Batra 3a</ref> and it is forbidden to replicate the dimensions of the first Bet Hamikdash as well.<ref>Pitchei Teshuva YD 141:13 citing Bet Efraim OC 10, Mikdash Dovid Kodshim 1:3</ref> The Ulam was 90 amot by 11 amot by 40 amot.<ref>Mishna Middot 4:7, Rambam Bet Habechira 4:4. See there for the thicknesses of the walls.</ref> The Azara was 135 amot by 187 amot.<ref>Mishna Middot 5:1, Yoma 16b, Rambam Bet Habechira 5:4</ref> If one alters the dimensions even slightly it is permitted.<ref>Rashi Avoda Zara 43a, Shach 141:33</ref>
			# The prohibition applies whether or not one makes rooms or attaches it to another house.<ref>Darkei Teshuva 141:54 citing the Torat Moshe</ref> Making a structure that mimics the Ulam is forbidden whether it has 3 or 4 walls.<ref>Shach 141:34 based on Tosfot</ref>
			# There is no prohibition to make a courtyard mimicking the dimensions of Har Habayit.<ref>Mikdash Dovid Kodshim 1:3</reF>
			# If a non-Jew made a courtyard or house according to these dimensions that replicate the Bet Hamikdash, some say that one can nonetheless live in it, while others forbid.<ref>Pitchei Teshuva YD 141:12 citing the Tiferet Lmoshe is lenient, while the Darkei Teshuva 141:52 is strict. Darkei Teshuva quotes the Maharam Rotenberg cited by Bet Yosef s.v. vhashta, Pri Haadama v. 3 a"z ch. 3, Gra 141:21, and Shiurei Bracha 141:8 are strict. He does quote the Dvar Moshe 1:122 and Mekor Mayim Chaim who are lenient.</ref>

	=Further Reading=		=Further Reading=

Unknown user: /* Further Reading */ shiurim link

2020-06-07T23:45:29Z

Unknown user: /* Replications of the Vessels of the Temple */

2020-06-07T23:44:22Z

Replications of the Vessels of the Temple

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	# According to some Rishonim, even possessing any such object is Assur Min HaTorah<ref>Rashba as quoted by the Ritva (Rosh HaShanah 24b and Avodah Zarah 43b) and Ran (Avodah Zarah 43b).</ref>, while some Poskim disagree.<ref>Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:12)</ref>		# According to some Rishonim, even possessing any such object is Assur Min HaTorah<ref>Rashba as quoted by the Ritva (Rosh HaShanah 24b and Avodah Zarah 43b) and Ran (Avodah Zarah 43b).</ref>, while some Poskim disagree.<ref>Pitchei Teshuvah (Yoreh Deah 141:12)</ref>
	# Drawings of these are permitted, as well.<ref>Ritva Avodah Zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>		# Drawings of these are permitted, as well.<ref>Ritva Avodah Zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>
	# The Rambam placed these Halachot in Hilchot ~~Klei HaMikdash~~, not in Hilchot Avodah Zara, potentially because he saw the issur to be a function of Mora Mikdash.<ref>Minchat Chinuch 39:1</ref> Others suggest that it's because he includes building the vessels of the Beit HaMikdash in the grander Mitzvah of building the Beit HaMikdash itself,<ref>Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot (Aseh 20), Shevet HaLevi 3:106</ref>, unlike the Ramban who thinks they are separate.<ref>Hasagot leSefer HaMitzvot Shoresh 12, Aseh 33. See Beis Yitzchok 29 pg. 454.</ref>		# The Rambam placed these Halachot in Hilchot Beit HaBechirah (7:10), not in Hilchot Avodah Zara, potentially because he saw the issur to be a function of Mora Mikdash.<ref>Minchat Chinuch 39:1</ref> Others suggest that it's because he includes building the vessels of the Beit HaMikdash in the grander Mitzvah of building the Beit HaMikdash itself,<ref>Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot (Aseh 20), Shevet HaLevi 3:106</ref>, unlike the Ramban who thinks they are separate.<ref>Hasagot leSefer HaMitzvot Shoresh 12, Aseh 33. See Beis Yitzchok 29 pg. 454.</ref>
	# Making a model to demonstrate what the Torah is referring to (i.e. educational purposes) is permissible.<ref>Iggerot Moshe (Yoreh Deah 3:33), Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>		# Making a model to demonstrate what the Torah is referring to (i.e. educational purposes) is permissible.<ref>Iggerot Moshe (Yoreh Deah 3:33), Halichot Olam vol. 7 pg 288</ref>
	# Ultimately, any deviation that would render a vessel invalid for Mikdash purposes renders it permissible to be construct outside of the Mikdash. <ref>Ritva Avodah zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>		# Ultimately, any deviation that would render a vessel invalid for Mikdash purposes renders it permissible to be construct outside of the Mikdash. <ref>Ritva Avodah zarah 43 and Rosh Hashanah 24a</ref>

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	# [https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/headlines-breaking-stories/210928/halachos-of-forbidden-images.html Halachically Speaking, Halachos of Forbidden Images]		# [https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/headlines-breaking-stories/210928/halachos-of-forbidden-images.html Halachically Speaking, Halachos of Forbidden Images]
	# [https://dinonline.org/2018/07/27/halachic-aspects-of-taking-photos/ Halachic Aspects of Taking Photos, Din Online]		# [https://dinonline.org/2018/07/27/halachic-aspects-of-taking-photos/ Halachic Aspects of Taking Photos, Din Online]
			# [https://www.yutorah.org/search/?teacher=82654&collection=8770 Shiurim on Perek Kol HaTzlamim] related to these Halachot

	=Sources=		=Sources=
	<references/>		<references/>
	[[Category: Avoda Zara]]		[[Category: Avoda Zara]]