Visiting Art Museums - Revision history

Maharikorkus at 19:17, 18 July 2024

2024-07-18T19:17:43Z

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	Rav Moshe Feinstein points out that lo tinfu is clearly prohibited lest one come to do idolatry. This concern is obviously not relevant is avodah zara that is no longer worshipped- knowledge of the idolatry will not lead one to worship it. Rav Moshe Feinstein asserts that even if rationale for the issur of lo tifnu is no longer applicable, the issur still applies. The prohibition is on the act of looking at idolatry, and ancient idolatry is still idolatry. However, Rav Moshe Feinstein does say that lo tinfu does not prohibit reading about idolatry. Lo tifnu only prohibits reading books written by followers of idolatry as praise to their religion. Lo tifnu does not prohibit reading books written by authors who rejected idolatry, with the intent being to mock idolatry</ref>		Rav Moshe Feinstein points out that lo tinfu is clearly prohibited lest one come to do idolatry. This concern is obviously not relevant is avodah zara that is no longer worshipped- knowledge of the idolatry will not lead one to worship it. Rav Moshe Feinstein asserts that even if rationale for the issur of lo tifnu is no longer applicable, the issur still applies. The prohibition is on the act of looking at idolatry, and ancient idolatry is still idolatry. However, Rav Moshe Feinstein does say that lo tinfu does not prohibit reading about idolatry. Lo tifnu only prohibits reading books written by followers of idolatry as praise to their religion. Lo tifnu does not prohibit reading books written by authors who rejected idolatry, with the intent being to mock idolatry</ref>

	Rav Schachter says that one may have a tour of the Greek ruins of the Parthenon- but ~~they~~ must explicitly tell the guide that are uninterested in the details of the religions that inhabited the Parthenon and the architecture unique to said religions. One should instruct the guide that they are solely interested in the the general style of architecture and building.<ref>[https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/861634 Jewish Heritage Tour of Greece Part 4 of 7] see minute 38</ref>		Rav Schachter says that one may have a tour of the Greek ruins of the Parthenon. However, one but must explicitly tell the guide that are uninterested in the details of the religions that inhabited the Parthenon and the architecture unique to said religions. One should instruct the guide that they are solely interested in the the general style of architecture and building.<ref>[https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/861634 Jewish Heritage Tour of Greece Part 4 of 7] see minute 38</ref>

	=== Ancient Avodah Zara ===		=== Ancient Avodah Zara ===
	Some say that if an idolatry is no longer worshiped~~- the idolatry~~ is no longer considered Avodah Zarah.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Responsa_Benei_Banim%2C_Volume_III.35.10?lang=he&lookup=%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%AA%20%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%A3%20%D7%A1%22%D7%92%20%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%91%27%20%D7%91%D7%93%22%D7%94%20%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%20%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A4%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%97%20%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%9B%D7%9A%20%D7%A2%D7%9B%22%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%22%D7%99%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%90%22%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%A0%22%D7%93%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%22%D7%98%20%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%22%D7%A1%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%20%D7%91%D7%95%2C%20%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95%22%D7%9D%20%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A8%22%D7%99.%20%D7%9E%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A2%22%D7%96%20%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%22%D7%93%20%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%A7%D7%9E%22%D7%96%20%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%20%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%20%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A3%20%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%20%D7%91%27.&with=Lexicon&lang2=he Rav Yehuda Henkin Shut Bnei Banim 3.35.2]</ref>		Some say that if an idolatry is no longer worshiped then it is no longer considered Avodah Zarah.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Responsa_Benei_Banim%2C_Volume_III.35.10?lang=he&lookup=%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%AA%20%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%A3%20%D7%A1%22%D7%92%20%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%91%27%20%D7%91%D7%93%22%D7%94%20%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%20%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A4%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%97%20%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%9B%D7%9A%20%D7%A2%D7%9B%22%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%22%D7%99%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%90%22%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%A0%22%D7%93%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%22%D7%98%20%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%22%D7%A1%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%20%D7%91%D7%95%2C%20%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95%22%D7%9D%20%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A8%22%D7%99.%20%D7%9E%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A2%22%D7%96%20%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%22%D7%93%20%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%A7%D7%9E%22%D7%96%20%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%20%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%20%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A3%20%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%20%D7%91%27.&with=Lexicon&lang2=he Rav Yehuda Henkin Shut Bnei Banim 3.35.2]</ref>

	However, most say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref>This opinion would prohibit visiting museums all together if they have idolatrous art.<ref>Ohel Yaakov on Avodah Zara p354		However, most say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref>This opinion would prohibit visiting museums all together if they have idolatrous art.<ref>Ohel Yaakov on Avodah Zara p354

Maharikorkus at 19:16, 18 July 2024

2024-07-18T19:16:11Z

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	=== Seeing Idolatrous Art ===		=== Seeing Idolatrous Art ===
	The prohibition of turning after idols is explicitly understood to forbid looking at idols. We generally assume this prohibition only looking only applies to art made to be worshiped. Others say that the prohibition applies to every image of idolatry except an everyday image (i.e. an image of an idol on a Roman coin).		The prohibition of turning after idols is explicitly understood to forbid looking at idols. We generally assume this prohibition only looking only applies to art made to be worshiped.<ref>Tosafot Shabbat 149a</ref> Others say that the prohibition applies to every image of idolatry except an everyday image (i.e. an image of an idol on a Roman coin).<ref>Tosafot Avodah Zara 50a </ref>

	No matter the opinion- seeing idolatrous art is not inherently problematic. It is only prohibited to stare at idols for a long time, not merely to glance at them and pass by. The issue is pay them attention, not to see them.<ref>Magen Avraham OH 307.22. </ref>		No matter the opinion- seeing idolatrous art is not inherently problematic. It is only prohibited to stare at idols for a long time, not merely to glance at them and pass by. The issue is pay them attention, not to see them.<ref>Magen Avraham OH 307.22. </ref>
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	However, most say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref>This opinion would prohibit visiting museums all together if they have idolatrous art.<ref>Ohel Yaakov on Avodah Zara p354		However, most say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref>This opinion would prohibit visiting museums all together if they have idolatrous art.<ref>Ohel Yaakov on Avodah Zara p354

	Sefer Menuchat Nefesh (Rav Mordechai Gross) p122</ref> Others say that it is permitted to visit a museum, but that one should refrain from looking at idolatry.<ref>https://rabbikaganoff.com/finding-a-compatible-place-for-our-familys-outings/</ref>		Sefer Menuchat Nefesh (Rav Mordechai Gross) p122</ref> Others say that it is permitted to visit a museum, but that one should refrain from looking at idolatry.<ref>https://rabbikaganoff.com/finding-a-compatible-place-for-our-familys-outings/<nowiki/>In [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuM-p9zNSpw Thirteen Years since the Passing of Rav Amital], someone retells encountering Rav Amital at a museum and asking him why it is permitted.</ref>

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Maharikorkus: /* Please note this page is under construction */

2024-07-18T19:09:06Z

Please note this page is under construction

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	~~= '''Please note this page is under construction''' =~~
	~~= '''please be patient''' =~~

	~~== Halachic Issues of Visiting an Art Museum ==~~
	~~The simple museum contains a vast amount of potential halachic issues. We will begin by summarizing them, and then address each of them independently in the subtitles that follow.~~

	== Kohanim visiting Museums ==		== Kohanim visiting Museums ==
	Most contemporary museums have a large collection of human remains. In particular, many museums display mummies, the embalmed bodies of ancient Egyptians. The Torah prohibits Kohanim from becoming impure to a dead person (See [[Kohanim Not Becoming Tameh]] for further reference). Are Kohanim prohibited from entering museums because of the presence of mummies?		Most contemporary museums have a large collection of human remains. In particular, many museums display mummies, the embalmed bodies of ancient Egyptians. The Torah prohibits Kohanim from becoming impure to a dead person (See [[Kohanim Not Becoming Tameh]] for further reference). Are Kohanim prohibited from entering museums because of the presence of mummies?

	~~First, are~~ Kohanim ~~prohibited from interacting gentile~~ bodies?		=== Kohanim and the Non-Jewish bodies ===

	Some allow a kohen to be under the same roof as a non-Jewish corpse, but ideally we try to be strict.<ref>Rambam Hilchot Avel 3:3 rules a gentile does not give off Tumat Ohel, and hence it is permitted to step on the grave of non-Jew. However, Tosfot Bava Metzia 114 rules that gentiles give off tumat Ohel. See Birkeiy Yosef 372; Aruch Hashulchan 372:5. Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 372:2 says it is proper to be strict and the Rama quotes those who are lenient, but says it is appropriate to be strict. Shach Y.D. 372:4 says that even those who are lenient about tumas ohel, prohibit touching or lifting a non-Jewish corpse. Hagos Maymonios Hilchos Avel 3:2 quotes the Yerayim that a kohen does not have to avoid these forms of tumah by a non-Jewish corpse.		Some allow a kohen to be under the same roof as a non-Jewish corpse, but ideally we try to be strict.<ref>Rambam Hilchot Avel 3:3 rules a gentile does not give off Tumat Ohel, and hence it is permitted to step on the grave of non-Jew. However, Tosfot Bava Metzia 114 rules that gentiles give off tumat Ohel. See Birkeiy Yosef 372; Aruch Hashulchan 372:5. Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 372:2 says it is proper to be strict and the Rama quotes those who are lenient, but says it is appropriate to be strict. Shach Y.D. 372:4 says that even those who are lenient about tumas ohel, prohibit touching or lifting a non-Jewish corpse. Hagos Maymonios Hilchos Avel 3:2 quotes the Yerayim that a kohen does not have to avoid these forms of tumah by a non-Jewish corpse.

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	Even if Kohanim are prohibited from entering under the same roof as a non-Jewish corpse, are mummies considered to have the status of corpses?<ref>The level of tumah of the mummies was first raised in the late seventeenth century by a group of Egyptian poskim. Throughout the medieval ages, mummies were sold and ground to dust a medical remedy. The rising Jewish involvement brought the poskim wondering whether such mummia” as it was known, could be dealt with by kohanim.		Even if Kohanim are prohibited from entering under the same roof as a non-Jewish corpse, are mummies considered to have the status of corpses?<ref>The level of tumah of the mummies was first raised in the late seventeenth century by a group of Egyptian poskim. Throughout the medieval ages, mummies were sold and ground to dust a medical remedy. The rising Jewish involvement brought the poskim wondering whether such mummia” as it was known, could be dealt with by kohanim.

	Ginas Veradim YD 1.4</ref> A mummy is a corpse that has undergone mummification. Mummification consists of the removal of organs from the corpse and the uses of spices as human preservative. Ultimately, everyone agrees that mummies are considered human remains because of how solid they are.<ref>The ~~Ginas~~ Veredim first ponders whether a mummy are considered human remains for the prohibition of impurity. He references the dispute in the gemara in ~~maseches niddah~~ 54b-55a. The mishna there quotes a dispute about whether dried flesh is impure, the first clause of the mishna advocating that it remains impure, while Rabbi Yosi resolutely argues that only flesh that may regain its previous moisture may be considered impure. The gemara questions the source for the opinion that dry flesh remains impure. It quotes in response a dispute among the later amoraim. Reish Lakish argues that it stems from the Torah classifying as impure everything which comes from the body. In contrast, Rabbi Yochanan explains that the classification as flesh comes from the parallel to bones. Just as bones are dry so too flesh retains human identity as dry. The gemara notes a practical difference in the derivation- if the flesh is dry to the extent that it crumbles, thus lack the solidity of bones, Rabbi Yochanan would consider it pure, while Reish Lakish would assert that it still retains the tumah. The gemara raises an objection to the position that Reish Lakish would still consider it pure from a tannaic baraisa that maintains that broken up flesh is becomes pure. The gemara explains that this baraisa is rather speaking about a case where the flesh is broken completely to powder, which even Reish Lakish would agree is pure.		Ginas Veradim YD 1.4</ref> A mummy is a corpse that has undergone mummification. Mummification consists of the removal of organs from the corpse and the uses of spices as human preservative. Ultimately, everyone agrees that mummies are considered human remains because of how solid they are.<ref>The Ginat Veredim (YD 1:4) first ponders whether a mummy are considered human remains for the prohibition of impurity. He references the dispute in the gemara in Masechet Niddah 54b-55a. The mishna there quotes a dispute about whether dried flesh is impure, the first clause of the mishna advocating that it remains impure, while Rabbi Yosi resolutely argues that only flesh that may regain its previous moisture may be considered impure. The gemara questions the source for the opinion that dry flesh remains impure. It quotes in response a dispute among the later amoraim. Reish Lakish argues that it stems from the Torah classifying as impure everything which comes from the body. In contrast, Rabbi Yochanan explains that the classification as flesh comes from the parallel to bones. Just as bones are dry so too flesh retains human identity as dry. The gemara notes a practical difference in the derivation- if the flesh is dry to the extent that it crumbles, thus lack the solidity of bones, Rabbi Yochanan would consider it pure, while Reish Lakish would assert that it still retains the tumah. The gemara raises an objection to the position that Reish Lakish would still consider it pure from a tannaic baraisa that maintains that broken up flesh is becomes pure. The gemara explains that this baraisa is rather speaking about a case where the flesh is broken completely to powder, which even Reish Lakish would agree is pure.

			The Rambam (Tumat HaMeit 3:10) concludes by firmly paskening like Reish Lakish that flesh remains impure unless it becomes like flour.

			The Ginat Veredim exclaims that even the more lenient Rabbi Yochanan would agree that a mummy retains impurity because it remains solid unless ground.

	The Rambam concludes by firmly paskening like Reish Lakish that flesh remains impure unless it becomes like flour. The Ginas Veredim exclaims that even the more lenient Rabbi Yochanan would agree that a mummy retains impurity because it remains solid unless ground. The Ginas Veredim ~~also angrily~~ rebuts the notion that the use of preservatives should render the mummy any less of a human body. He exclaims that no where in the talmudic sources do we see that the sages distinguished between the sources of preservation. At the end of the day, flesh is flesh. The Cheshek Shlomo quotes the challenge of Rav Matisyahu Strausand, who criticized the Ginas Veredim for his search for reasons. Rav Strausand noted that the Torah describes how Yosef was mummified and also how the gemara describes that the men who were impure and thus unable to participate in the korban pesach were Yosef’s casket bearers. This was seen by Rav Strausand as a definitive proof that mummification does not render the body any less impure.</ref>		The Ginat Veredim rebuts the notion that the use of preservatives should render the mummy any less of a human body. He exclaims that no where in the talmudic sources do we see that the sages distinguished between the sources of preservation.

	Ultimately even though mummies are considered corpses, are the glass cases surrounding the mummy considered a sufficient covering to block the impurity of the mummy?<ref>The mishna in ~~ohalot~~ (7.1) explains that the size of a kever is a cubic tefach (8-9.6cm). Less than this, the mishna asserts, the space does not have the unique stringencies of a kever.		</ref>

			=== Glass Covering Around Mummy ===
			Ultimately even though mummies are considered corpses, are the glass cases surrounding the mummy considered a sufficient covering to block the impurity of the mummy?<ref>The mishna in Ohalot (7.1) explains that the size of a kever is a cubic tefach (8-9.6cm). Less than this, the mishna asserts, the space does not have the unique stringencies of a kever.

	In contrast, the gemara in berachot 19 bexplains that a grave that has an empty spot of one cubic tefach between the body and the coffin blocks impurity and thus permits kohanim to stride over them in certain circumstances.The gemara explains that kohanim are only prohibited on a rabbinic level from going on graves because of a concern for the minority of coffins that do not have such an empty space.		In contrast, the gemara in berachot 19 bexplains that a grave that has an empty spot of one cubic tefach between the body and the coffin blocks impurity and thus permits kohanim to stride over them in certain circumstances.The gemara explains that kohanim are only prohibited on a rabbinic level from going on graves because of a concern for the minority of coffins that do not have such an empty space.

	The gemara in ~~berachot~~ contradicts the mishna in ohalos. In berachot the gemara says that empty space in the coffin prevents a coffin from being considered a grave. In ohalot the Mishna explains that a grave needs empty space between the body and the covering to be considered a grave.		The gemara in Berachot contradicts the mishna in ohalos. In berachot the gemara says that empty space in the coffin prevents a coffin from being considered a grave. In ohalot the Mishna explains that a grave needs empty space between the body and the covering to be considered a grave.

	The Rambam (Tumat Meit 7.4 and 12.6) states that the gemara in berachos is not dealing with a grave but rather a coffins. Coffins not considered graves, and an empty space in a coffin prevents the Impurity of a body from spreading, while an empty space is necessary for a grave.		The Rambam (Tumat Meit 7.4 and 12.6) states that the gemara in berachos is not dealing with a grave but rather a coffins. Coffins not considered graves, and an empty space in a coffin prevents the Impurity of a body from spreading, while an empty space is necessary for a grave.
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	However, in the case where the mummy container is closed, there is less than a tefach between the body and the sarcofogus. In such a case, no one would consider it to be blocked and the impurity would fill the ohel.		However, in the case where the mummy container is closed, there is less than a tefach between the body and the sarcofogus. In such a case, no one would consider it to be blocked and the impurity would fill the ohel.

	</ref> Normally, a covering prevents impurity from spreading. However, a coffin or grave is considered to be an extension of the dead body and does not prevent impurity from spreading. Impurity extends up from the grave and touching the side of the grave makes a person impure. Thus even though a glass cases may be considered a sufficient converting to block the impurity of the mummy, if it is considered a grave, then it does not block the impurity.		</ref> Normally, a covering prevents impurity from spreading. However, a coffin or grave is considered to be an extension of the dead body and does not prevent impurity from spreading. Impurity extends up from the grave and touching the side of the grave makes a person impure. Thus even though a glass cases may be considered a sufficient converting to block the impurity of the mummy, if it is considered a grave, then it does not block the impurity.

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	Many art museums have widespread collections of avodah Zara art made by worshipers of Avodah Zara? Is there a problem looking at the Avodah Zara art?		Many art museums have widespread collections of avodah Zara art made by worshipers of Avodah Zara? Is there a problem looking at the Avodah Zara art?

	The Torah commands אל תפנו אל האלילים "you shall not turn after idols." The Torah does not only prohibit explicit acts of idolatrous worship, but rather devoting attention to idolatry. The Torah's prohibition encompasses all forms of devoting attention to idolatry. One is prohibited to think about idolatry, to read idolatrous books, and to see statues of idolatry.<ref>Mishneh Torah Hilchot Avodah Zara Perek 2</ref> Thus it seems that visiting museums is inherently problematic.		The Torah commands אל תפנו אל האלילים "you shall not turn after idols(Vayikra 19:4)." The Torah does not only prohibit explicit acts of idolatrous worship, but rather devoting attention to idolatry. The Torah's prohibition encompasses all forms of devoting attention to idolatry. One is prohibited to think about idolatry, to read idolatrous books, and to see statues of idolatry.<ref>Mishneh Torah Hilchot Avodah Zara Perek 2</ref> Thus it seems that visiting museums is inherently problematic.

	=== Seeing Idolatrous Art ===		=== Seeing Idolatrous Art ===

Maharikorkus at 23:30, 17 July 2024

2024-07-17T23:30:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:30, 17 July 2024
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	Some say that if an idolatry is no longer worshiped- the idolatry is no longer considered Avodah Zarah.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Responsa_Benei_Banim%2C_Volume_III.35.10?lang=he&lookup=%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%AA%20%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%A3%20%D7%A1%22%D7%92%20%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%91%27%20%D7%91%D7%93%22%D7%94%20%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%20%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A4%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%97%20%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%9B%D7%9A%20%D7%A2%D7%9B%22%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%22%D7%99%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%90%22%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%A0%22%D7%93%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%22%D7%98%20%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%22%D7%A1%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%20%D7%91%D7%95%2C%20%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95%22%D7%9D%20%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A8%22%D7%99.%20%D7%9E%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A2%22%D7%96%20%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%22%D7%93%20%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%A7%D7%9E%22%D7%96%20%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%20%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%20%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A3%20%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%20%D7%91%27.&with=Lexicon&lang2=he Rav Yehuda Henkin Shut Bnei Banim 3.35.2]</ref>		Some say that if an idolatry is no longer worshiped- the idolatry is no longer considered Avodah Zarah.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Responsa_Benei_Banim%2C_Volume_III.35.10?lang=he&lookup=%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%AA%20%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%A3%20%D7%A1%22%D7%92%20%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%91%27%20%D7%91%D7%93%22%D7%94%20%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%20%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A4%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%97%20%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%9B%D7%9A%20%D7%A2%D7%9B%22%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%22%D7%99%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%90%22%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%A0%22%D7%93%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%22%D7%98%20%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%22%D7%A1%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%20%D7%91%D7%95%2C%20%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95%22%D7%9D%20%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A8%22%D7%99.%20%D7%9E%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A2%22%D7%96%20%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%22%D7%93%20%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%A7%D7%9E%22%D7%96%20%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%20%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%20%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A3%20%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%20%D7%91%27.&with=Lexicon&lang2=he Rav Yehuda Henkin Shut Bnei Banim 3.35.2]</ref>

	However, most say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref>This opinion would prohibit visiting museums all together if they have idolatrous art.<ref>Ohel Yaakov on Avodah Zara p354</ref> Others say that it is permitted to visit a museum, but that one should refrain from looking at idolatry.<ref>https://rabbikaganoff.com/finding-a-compatible-place-for-our-familys-outings/</ref>		However, most say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref>This opinion would prohibit visiting museums all together if they have idolatrous art.<ref>Ohel Yaakov on Avodah Zara p354

			Sefer Menuchat Nefesh (Rav Mordechai Gross) p122</ref> Others say that it is permitted to visit a museum, but that one should refrain from looking at idolatry.<ref>https://rabbikaganoff.com/finding-a-compatible-place-for-our-familys-outings/</ref>

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Maharikorkus at 23:13, 17 July 2024

2024-07-17T23:13:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:13, 17 July 2024
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	== Halachic Issues of Visiting an Art Museum ==		== Halachic Issues of Visiting an Art Museum ==
	The simple museum contains a vast amount of potential halachic issues. We will begin by summarizing them, and then address each of them independently in the subtitles that follow.		The simple museum contains a vast amount of potential halachic issues. We will begin by summarizing them, and then address each of them independently in the subtitles that follow.

	~~== Visiting a museum as bitul Torah ==~~

	== Kohanim visiting Museums ==		== Kohanim visiting Museums ==
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	=== Ancient Avodah Zara ===		=== Ancient Avodah Zara ===
	Some say that ~~once~~ an idolatry is no longer worshiped- the idolatry is no longer considered Avodah Zarah.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Responsa_Benei_Banim%2C_Volume_III.35.10?lang=he&lookup=%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%AA%20%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%A3%20%D7%A1%22%D7%92%20%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%91%27%20%D7%91%D7%93%22%D7%94%20%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%20%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A4%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%97%20%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%9B%D7%9A%20%D7%A2%D7%9B%22%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%22%D7%99%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%90%22%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%A0%22%D7%93%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%22%D7%98%20%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%22%D7%A1%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%20%D7%91%D7%95%2C%20%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95%22%D7%9D%20%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A8%22%D7%99.%20%D7%9E%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A2%22%D7%96%20%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%22%D7%93%20%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%A7%D7%9E%22%D7%96%20%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%20%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%20%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A3%20%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%20%D7%91%27.&with=Lexicon&lang2=he Rav Yehuda Henkin Shut Bnei Banim 3.35.2]</ref> ~~Others~~ say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref>		Some say that if an idolatry is no longer worshiped- the idolatry is no longer considered Avodah Zarah.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Responsa_Benei_Banim%2C_Volume_III.35.10?lang=he&lookup=%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%AA%20%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%A3%20%D7%A1%22%D7%92%20%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%91%27%20%D7%91%D7%93%22%D7%94%20%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%20%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A4%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%97%20%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%9B%D7%9A%20%D7%A2%D7%9B%22%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%22%D7%99%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%90%22%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%A0%22%D7%93%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%22%D7%98%20%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%22%D7%A1%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%20%D7%91%D7%95%2C%20%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95%22%D7%9D%20%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A8%22%D7%99.%20%D7%9E%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A2%22%D7%96%20%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%22%D7%93%20%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%A7%D7%9E%22%D7%96%20%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%20%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%20%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A3%20%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%20%D7%91%27.&with=Lexicon&lang2=he Rav Yehuda Henkin Shut Bnei Banim 3.35.2]</ref>

			However, most say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref>This opinion would prohibit visiting museums all together if they have idolatrous art.<ref>Ohel Yaakov on Avodah Zara p354</ref> Others say that it is permitted to visit a museum, but that one should refrain from looking at idolatry.<ref>https://rabbikaganoff.com/finding-a-compatible-place-for-our-familys-outings/</ref>

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

YitzchakSultan1: /* Ancient Avodah Zara */

2024-07-17T03:46:21Z

Ancient Avodah Zara

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:46, 17 July 2024
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	=== Ancient Avodah Zara ===		=== Ancient Avodah Zara ===
	Some say that once an idolatry is no longer worshiped- the idolatry is no longer considered Avodah Zarah.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Responsa_Benei_Banim%2C_Volume_III.35.10?lang=he&lookup=%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%AA%20%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%A3%20%D7%A1%22%D7%92%20%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%91%27%20%D7%91%D7%93%22%D7%94%20%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%20%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A4%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%97%20%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%9B%D7%9A%20%D7%A2%D7%9B%22%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%22%D7%99%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%90%22%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%A0%22%D7%93%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%22%D7%98%20%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%22%D7%A1%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%20%D7%91%D7%95%2C%20%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95%22%D7%9D%20%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A8%22%D7%99.%20%D7%9E%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A2%22%D7%96%20%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%22%D7%93%20%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%A7%D7%9E%22%D7%96%20%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%20%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%20%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A3%20%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%20%D7%91%27.&with=Lexicon&lang2=he Rav Yehuda Henkin Shut Bnei Banim 3.35.2]</ref> Others say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref><references responsive="0" />		Some say that once an idolatry is no longer worshiped- the idolatry is no longer considered Avodah Zarah.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Responsa_Benei_Banim%2C_Volume_III.35.10?lang=he&lookup=%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%AA%20%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%A3%20%D7%A1%22%D7%92%20%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%91%27%20%D7%91%D7%93%22%D7%94%20%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%20%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A4%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%97%20%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%9B%D7%9A%20%D7%A2%D7%9B%22%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%22%D7%99%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%90%22%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%A0%22%D7%93%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%22%D7%98%20%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%22%D7%A1%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%20%D7%91%D7%95%2C%20%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95%22%D7%9D%20%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A8%22%D7%99.%20%D7%9E%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A2%22%D7%96%20%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%22%D7%93%20%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%A7%D7%9E%22%D7%96%20%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%20%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%20%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A3%20%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%20%D7%91%27.&with=Lexicon&lang2=he Rav Yehuda Henkin Shut Bnei Banim 3.35.2]</ref> Others say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref>

			== Sources ==
			<references responsive="0" />
	[[Category:Avoda Zara]]		[[Category:Avoda Zara]]
	[[Category:Kohanim]]		[[Category:Kohanim]]

Maharikorkus: /* Do we make a distinction between idolatry no longer worshiped and contemporary avodah Zara */

2024-07-12T03:52:06Z

Do we make a distinction between idolatry no longer worshiped and contemporary avodah Zara

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:52, 12 July 2024
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	== Halachic Issues of Visiting an Art Museum ==		== Halachic Issues of Visiting an Art Museum ==
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	Even if Kohanim are prohibited from entering under the same roof as a non-Jewish corpse, are mummies considered to have the status of corpses?<ref>The level of tumah of the mummies was first raised in the late seventeenth century by a group of Egyptian poskim. Throughout the medieval ages, mummies were sold and ground to dust a medical remedy. The rising Jewish involvement brought the poskim wondering whether such mummia” as it was known, could be dealt with by kohanim.		Even if Kohanim are prohibited from entering under the same roof as a non-Jewish corpse, are mummies considered to have the status of corpses?<ref>The level of tumah of the mummies was first raised in the late seventeenth century by a group of Egyptian poskim. Throughout the medieval ages, mummies were sold and ground to dust a medical remedy. The rising Jewish involvement brought the poskim wondering whether such mummia” as it was known, could be dealt with by kohanim.

	Ginas Veradim YD 1.4</ref> A mummy is a corpse that has undergone mummification. Mummification consists of the removal of organs from the corpse and the uses of spices as human preservative. Ultimately, everyone agrees that mummies are considered human remains because of how solid they are.<ref>The Ginas Veredim first ponders whether a mummy ~~could still be~~ considered human ~~remain sfor~~ the prohibition of impurity. He references the dispute in the gemara in maseches niddah 54b-55a. The mishna there quotes a dispute about whether dried flesh is impure, the first clause of the mishna advocating that it remains impure, while Rabbi Yosi resolutely argues that only flesh that may regain its previous moisture may be considered impure. The gemara questions the source for the opinion that dry flesh remains impure. It quotes in response a dispute among the later amoraim. Reish Lakish argues that it stems from the Torah classifying as impure everything which comes from the body. In contrast, Rabbi Yochanan explains that the classification as flesh comes from the parallel to bones. Just as bones are dry so too flesh retains human identity as dry. The gemara notes a practical difference in the derivation- if the flesh is dry to the extent that it crumbles, thus lack the solidity of bones, Rabbi Yochanan would consider it pure, while Reish Lakish would assert that it still retains the tumah. The gemara raises an objection to the position that Reish Lakish would still consider it pure from a tannaic baraisa that maintains that broken up flesh is becomes pure. The gemara explains that this baraisa is rather speaking about a case where the flesh is broken completely to powder, which even Reish Lakish would agree is pure.		Ginas Veradim YD 1.4</ref> A mummy is a corpse that has undergone mummification. Mummification consists of the removal of organs from the corpse and the uses of spices as human preservative. Ultimately, everyone agrees that mummies are considered human remains because of how solid they are.<ref>The Ginas Veredim first ponders whether a mummy are considered human remains for the prohibition of impurity. He references the dispute in the gemara in maseches niddah 54b-55a. The mishna there quotes a dispute about whether dried flesh is impure, the first clause of the mishna advocating that it remains impure, while Rabbi Yosi resolutely argues that only flesh that may regain its previous moisture may be considered impure. The gemara questions the source for the opinion that dry flesh remains impure. It quotes in response a dispute among the later amoraim. Reish Lakish argues that it stems from the Torah classifying as impure everything which comes from the body. In contrast, Rabbi Yochanan explains that the classification as flesh comes from the parallel to bones. Just as bones are dry so too flesh retains human identity as dry. The gemara notes a practical difference in the derivation- if the flesh is dry to the extent that it crumbles, thus lack the solidity of bones, Rabbi Yochanan would consider it pure, while Reish Lakish would assert that it still retains the tumah. The gemara raises an objection to the position that Reish Lakish would still consider it pure from a tannaic baraisa that maintains that broken up flesh is becomes pure. The gemara explains that this baraisa is rather speaking about a case where the flesh is broken completely to powder, which even Reish Lakish would agree is pure.

	The Rambam concludes by firmly paskening like Reish Lakish that flesh remains impure unless it becomes like flour. The Ginas Veredim exclaims that even the more lenient Rabbi Yochanan would agree that a mummy retains impurity because it remains solid unless ground. The Ginas Veredim also angrily rebuts the notion that the use of preservatives should render the mummy any less of a human body. He exclaims that no where in the talmudic sources do we see that the sages distinguished between the sources of preservation. At the end of the day, flesh is flesh. The Cheshek Shlomo quotes the challenge of Rav Matisyahu Strausand, who criticized the Ginas Veredim for his search for reasons. Rav Strausand noted that the Torah describes how Yosef was mummified and also how the gemara describes that the men who were impure and thus unable to participate in the korban pesach were Yosef’s casket bearers. This was seen by Rav Strausand as a definitive proof that mummification does not render the body any less impure.</ref>		The Rambam concludes by firmly paskening like Reish Lakish that flesh remains impure unless it becomes like flour. The Ginas Veredim exclaims that even the more lenient Rabbi Yochanan would agree that a mummy retains impurity because it remains solid unless ground. The Ginas Veredim also angrily rebuts the notion that the use of preservatives should render the mummy any less of a human body. He exclaims that no where in the talmudic sources do we see that the sages distinguished between the sources of preservation. At the end of the day, flesh is flesh. The Cheshek Shlomo quotes the challenge of Rav Matisyahu Strausand, who criticized the Ginas Veredim for his search for reasons. Rav Strausand noted that the Torah describes how Yosef was mummified and also how the gemara describes that the men who were impure and thus unable to participate in the korban pesach were Yosef’s casket bearers. This was seen by Rav Strausand as a definitive proof that mummification does not render the body any less impure.</ref>
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	The Torah commands אל תפנו אל האלילים "you shall not turn after idols." The Torah does not only prohibit explicit acts of idolatrous worship, but rather devoting attention to idolatry. The Torah's prohibition encompasses all forms of devoting attention to idolatry. One is prohibited to think about idolatry, to read idolatrous books, and to see statues of idolatry.<ref>Mishneh Torah Hilchot Avodah Zara Perek 2</ref> Thus it seems that visiting museums is inherently problematic.		The Torah commands אל תפנו אל האלילים "you shall not turn after idols." The Torah does not only prohibit explicit acts of idolatrous worship, but rather devoting attention to idolatry. The Torah's prohibition encompasses all forms of devoting attention to idolatry. One is prohibited to think about idolatry, to read idolatrous books, and to see statues of idolatry.<ref>Mishneh Torah Hilchot Avodah Zara Perek 2</ref> Thus it seems that visiting museums is inherently problematic.

	~~However we have to ask the following questions.~~

	~~# Is ancient idolatry included in the prohibition?~~
	~~# what forms of looking are prohibited- is merely glancing forbidden or only staring?~~
	#

	=== Seeing Idolatrous Art ===		=== Seeing Idolatrous Art ===
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	=== Learning about Idolatry ===		=== Learning about Idolatry ===
	The Torah's prohibition of "turning after idols" includes reading books about idolatry and studying idolatrous worship. This would seemingly prohibit any form of study of idolatry. The prohibition of "turning after idols" only applies when one is studying a work written by an idol ~~worshipper~~ as a praise to his religion. The prohibition does not apply to reading secular studies of idolatry, and if one reads with the intent to mock and dismiss idolatry.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2:53		The Torah's prohibition of "turning after idols" includes reading books about idolatry and studying idolatrous worship. This would seemingly prohibit any form of study of idolatry. The prohibition of "turning after idols" only applies when one is studying a work written by an idol worshiper as a praise to his religion. The prohibition does not apply to reading secular studies of idolatry, and if one reads with the intent to mock and dismiss idolatry.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2:53

	Rav Moshe Feinstein points out that lo tinfu is clearly prohibited lest one come to do idolatry. This concern is obviously not relevant is avodah zara that is no longer worshipped- knowledge of the idolatry will not lead one to worship it. Rav Moshe Feinstein asserts that even if rationale for the issur of lo tifnu is no longer applicable, the issur still applies. The prohibition is on the act of looking at idolatry, and ancient idolatry is still idolatry. However, Rav Moshe Feinstein does say that lo tinfu does not prohibit reading about idolatry. Lo tifnu only prohibits reading books written by followers of idolatry as praise to their religion. Lo tifnu does not prohibit reading books written by authors who rejected idolatry, with the intent being to mock idolatry</ref>		Rav Moshe Feinstein points out that lo tinfu is clearly prohibited lest one come to do idolatry. This concern is obviously not relevant is avodah zara that is no longer worshipped- knowledge of the idolatry will not lead one to worship it. Rav Moshe Feinstein asserts that even if rationale for the issur of lo tifnu is no longer applicable, the issur still applies. The prohibition is on the act of looking at idolatry, and ancient idolatry is still idolatry. However, Rav Moshe Feinstein does say that lo tinfu does not prohibit reading about idolatry. Lo tifnu only prohibits reading books written by followers of idolatry as praise to their religion. Lo tifnu does not prohibit reading books written by authors who rejected idolatry, with the intent being to mock idolatry</ref>

	Rav Schachter says that one may have a tour of the Greek ruins of the ~~parthenon~~- but they must explicitly tell the guide that are uninterested in the details of the religions that inhabited the Parthenon and the architecture unique to said religions. One should instruct the guide that they are solely interested in the the general style of architecture and building.<ref>[https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/861634 Jewish Heritage Tour of Greece Part 4 of 7] see minute 38</ref>		Rav Schachter says that one may have a tour of the Greek ruins of the Parthenon- but they must explicitly tell the guide that are uninterested in the details of the religions that inhabited the Parthenon and the architecture unique to said religions. One should instruct the guide that they are solely interested in the the general style of architecture and building.<ref>[https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/861634 Jewish Heritage Tour of Greece Part 4 of 7] see minute 38</ref>

	=== ~~Do we make a distinction between~~ idolatry no longer worshiped ~~and contemporary avodah Zara~~ ===		=== Ancient Avodah Zara ===
	<references responsive="0" />		Some say that once an idolatry is no longer worshiped- the idolatry is no longer considered Avodah Zarah.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Responsa_Benei_Banim%2C_Volume_III.35.10?lang=he&lookup=%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%AA%20%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%A3%20%D7%A1%22%D7%92%20%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%91%27%20%D7%91%D7%93%22%D7%94%20%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%20%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A4%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%27%20%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%97%20%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%9B%D7%9A%20%D7%A2%D7%9B%22%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%22%D7%99%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%90%22%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%A0%22%D7%93%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%22%D7%98%20%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%22%D7%A1%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%20%D7%91%D7%95%2C%20%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9D%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%95%22%D7%9D%20%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%A8%22%D7%99.%20%D7%9E%D7%94%20%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%20%D7%91%D7%A2%22%D7%96%20%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%20%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%20%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%22%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%20%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%9B%22%D7%93%20%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%20%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F%20%D7%A7%D7%9E%22%D7%96%20%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%20%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%20%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A3%20%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%20%D7%91%27.&with=Lexicon&lang2=he Rav Yehuda Henkin Shut Bnei Banim 3.35.2]</ref> Others say that once a religion is followed it always is considered an Avodah Zara.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2.53</ref><references responsive="0" />
	[[Category:Avoda Zara]]		[[Category:Avoda Zara]]
	[[Category:Kohanim]]		[[Category:Kohanim]]

Maharikorkus at 03:15, 12 July 2024

2024-07-12T03:15:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:15, 12 July 2024
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			= '''Please note this page is under construction please be patient''' =

	== Halachic Issues of Visiting an Art Museum ==		== Halachic Issues of Visiting an Art Museum ==
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	#		#

	=== ~~Ancient Avodah Zara~~ ===		=== Seeing Idolatrous Art ===
			The prohibition of turning after idols is explicitly understood to forbid looking at idols. We generally assume this prohibition only looking only applies to art made to be worshiped. Others say that the prohibition applies to every image of idolatry except an everyday image (i.e. an image of an idol on a Roman coin).

			No matter the opinion- seeing idolatrous art is not inherently problematic. It is only prohibited to stare at idols for a long time, not merely to glance at them and pass by. The issue is pay them attention, not to see them.<ref>Magen Avraham OH 307.22. </ref>

	=== Learning about Idolatry ===		=== Learning about Idolatry ===
	The Torah's prohibition of "turning after idols" includes reading books about idolatry and studying idolatrous worship. This would seemingly prohibit any form of study of idolatry. The prohibition of "turning after idols" only applies when one is studying a work written by an idol worshipper as a praise to his religion. The prohibition does not apply to reading secular studies of idolatry, and if one reads with the intent to mock and dismiss idolatry.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2:53		The Torah's prohibition of "turning after idols" includes reading books about idolatry and studying idolatrous worship. This would seemingly prohibit any form of study of idolatry. The prohibition of "turning after idols" only applies when one is studying a work written by an idol worshipper as a praise to his religion. The prohibition does not apply to reading secular studies of idolatry, and if one reads with the intent to mock and dismiss idolatry.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2:53

	Rav Moshe Feinstein points out that lo tinfu is clearly prohibited lest one come to do idolatry. This concern is obviously not relevant is avodah zara that is no longer worshipped- knowledge of the idolatry will not lead one to worship it. Rav Moshe Feinstein asserts that even if rationale for the issur of lo tifnu is no longer applicable, the issur still applies. The prohibition is on the act of looking at idolatry, and ancient idolatry is still idolatry. However, Rav Moshe Feinstein does say that lo tinfu does not prohibit reading about idolatry. Lo tifnu only prohibits reading books written by followers of idolatry as praise to their religion. Lo tifnu does not prohibit reading books written by authors who rejected idolatry, with the intent being to mock idolatry</ref>		Rav Moshe Feinstein points out that lo tinfu is clearly prohibited lest one come to do idolatry. This concern is obviously not relevant is avodah zara that is no longer worshipped- knowledge of the idolatry will not lead one to worship it. Rav Moshe Feinstein asserts that even if rationale for the issur of lo tifnu is no longer applicable, the issur still applies. The prohibition is on the act of looking at idolatry, and ancient idolatry is still idolatry. However, Rav Moshe Feinstein does say that lo tinfu does not prohibit reading about idolatry. Lo tifnu only prohibits reading books written by followers of idolatry as praise to their religion. Lo tifnu does not prohibit reading books written by authors who rejected idolatry, with the intent being to mock idolatry</ref>

			Rav Schachter says that one may have a tour of the Greek ruins of the parthenon- but they must explicitly tell the guide that are uninterested in the details of the religions that inhabited the Parthenon and the architecture unique to said religions. One should instruct the guide that they are solely interested in the the general style of architecture and building.<ref>[https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/861634 Jewish Heritage Tour of Greece Part 4 of 7] see minute 38</ref>

	=== Do we make a distinction between idolatry no longer worshiped and contemporary avodah Zara ===		=== Do we make a distinction between idolatry no longer worshiped and contemporary avodah Zara ===

Maharikorkus at 02:51, 12 July 2024

2024-07-12T02:51:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:51, 12 July 2024
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	=== Do we make a distinction between idolatry no longer worshiped and contemporary avodah Zara ===		=== Do we make a distinction between idolatry no longer worshiped and contemporary avodah Zara ===
	<references responsive="0" />		<references responsive="0" />
			[[Category:Avoda Zara]]
			[[Category:Kohanim]]
			[[Category:Art]]
			[[Category:Between Man and Hashem]]
			__FORCETOC__
			__INDEX__
			__NEWSECTIONLINK__

Maharikorkus: /* Avodah Zara in Museums */

2024-07-12T02:47:46Z

Avodah Zara in Museums

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:47, 12 July 2024
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	Many art museums have widespread collections of avodah Zara art made by worshipers of Avodah Zara? Is there a problem looking at the Avodah Zara art?		Many art museums have widespread collections of avodah Zara art made by worshipers of Avodah Zara? Is there a problem looking at the Avodah Zara art?

	The Torah commands ~~that we destroy avodah Zara~~, and ~~prohibits benefiting from avodah~~ Zara ~~or turning after~~ it.		The Torah commands אל תפנו אל האלילים "you shall not turn after idols." The Torah does not only prohibit explicit acts of idolatrous worship, but rather devoting attention to idolatry. The Torah's prohibition encompasses all forms of devoting attention to idolatry. One is prohibited to think about idolatry, to read idolatrous books, and to see statues of idolatry.<ref>Mishneh Torah Hilchot Avodah Zara Perek 2</ref> Thus it seems that visiting museums is inherently problematic.

			However we have to ask the following questions.

	~~Do we make a distinction between~~ idolatry ~~no longer worshiped and contemporary avodah Zara~~		# Is ancient idolatry included in the prohibition?
			# what forms of looking are prohibited- is merely glancing forbidden or only staring?
			#

			=== Ancient Avodah Zara ===

			=== Learning about Idolatry ===
			The Torah's prohibition of "turning after idols" includes reading books about idolatry and studying idolatrous worship. This would seemingly prohibit any form of study of idolatry. The prohibition of "turning after idols" only applies when one is studying a work written by an idol worshipper as a praise to his religion. The prohibition does not apply to reading secular studies of idolatry, and if one reads with the intent to mock and dismiss idolatry.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 2:53

			Rav Moshe Feinstein points out that lo tinfu is clearly prohibited lest one come to do idolatry. This concern is obviously not relevant is avodah zara that is no longer worshipped- knowledge of the idolatry will not lead one to worship it. Rav Moshe Feinstein asserts that even if rationale for the issur of lo tifnu is no longer applicable, the issur still applies. The prohibition is on the act of looking at idolatry, and ancient idolatry is still idolatry. However, Rav Moshe Feinstein does say that lo tinfu does not prohibit reading about idolatry. Lo tifnu only prohibits reading books written by followers of idolatry as praise to their religion. Lo tifnu does not prohibit reading books written by authors who rejected idolatry, with the intent being to mock idolatry</ref>

			=== Do we make a distinction between idolatry no longer worshiped and contemporary avodah Zara ===
	<references responsive="0" />		<references responsive="0" />