Pat Akum

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  1. It is forbidden to eat bread baked by a non-Jew. [1]
  2. If there is no bread baked by a Jew available, then one can be lenient to eat bread baked by a non-Jewish baker. This is true even if there is bread baked a Jew available but it is of lesser quality. [2]
  3. Bread baked by a non-Jewish baker according to Ashkenazim is permitted.[3]

What is Included?

Bread made in a Factory

  1. Since there is no risk of intermarriage if the bread is baked in a factory, some poskim are lenient to allow eating such bread. [4] Others are more stringent. [5]

Bread not Fit for a King

  1. There is a machloket if the leniency of "not fit for a king's table" which applies to foods cooked by a non-Jew applies to bread baked by a non-Jew as well. [6]

Bagels

  1. Bagels are included in this prohibition and not in the prohibition of food cooked by a non-Jew because even though they are boiled before being baked, they are not made edible by the boiling. [7]

Aseret Yimei Teshuva

  1. Even one who isn't strict regarding bread baked by a non-Jew (Pat Akum) during the rest of the year should be strict about Pat Akum even bread baked by a baker during Aseret Yemei Teshuva. [8]

Links

Sources

  1. ↑ S"A YD 112:1. This is based on the Mishna in Avoda Zara 35b. The Gemara 35b explains that the prohibition was instituted in order to prevent intermarriage.
    There is a discussion in the Gemara 35b whether this decree was rescinded as it was for oil. Tosafot 35b "michlal" quotes a Yerushalmi Avoda Zara 2:8 that this decree was rescinded for bread baked in a bakery (pat paltar). However, Rambam Hilchot Maachalot Asurot 17:9, 12 and Shulchan Aruch YD 112:1-2 hold that this decree is still in full force.
  2. ↑ S"A YD 112:5 based on Rashba Torat HaBayit HeAroch 3:7, Iggerot Moshe YD 2:33
  3. ↑ Rama YD 112:2 based on Tosafot Avoda Zara 35b "michlal", Chochmat Adam 65:2. Shach 112:9, rules that even Ashkenazim hould follow the opinion of Rashba and refrain from eating privately baked bread and from eating pat paltar when there is bread of a Jew available.
  4. ↑ Mesorah Journal first edition page 94 quotes rav Moshe that there is no worry of chatanut and therefore there’s no issue. SA YD 112:9 based on Tosafot Avoda zara 38b says a Jew would only need to do a little bit and they suggest in the mesorah journal that maybe the mashgiach does something, and because of the safek that maybe he is, you can be lenient
  5. ↑ Shevet halevi 6:28:6 says that the chazon ish would never allow that.
  6. ↑ Avnei nezer YD 1:92 says the leniency does apply but Chelkat Binyamin 112:12 in the biurim quotes from other achronim that suggest that it doesn’t apply.
  7. ↑ Iggerot Moshe YD 2:33
  8. ↑ S"A 603:1, Mishna Brurah 603:1, Ran Rosh HaShanah 12b, "Garsinan Bayerushalmi", Rama Torat Chatat 75:1
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