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Bedikat Chametz: Difference between revisions

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===Renting one's house to a non-Jew===
===Renting one's house to a non-Jew===
# If one is renting out one’s house and the Chametz in it to a non-Jew for [[Pesach]] one will have exempted oneself from Bedika but it’s not proper to do so, rather it’s correct to rent one’s house except for one room and do Bedika without a Bracha in that room before one leaves for Pesach. <Ref> Rav Schachter on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 2:30 and 5 </ref>
# If one is renting out one’s house and the Chametz in it to a non-Jew for [[Pesach]] one will have exempted oneself from Bedika but it’s not proper to do so, rather it’s correct to rent one’s house except for one room and do Bedika without a Bracha in that room before one leaves for [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Rav Schachter on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 2:30 and 5 </ref>
## The room which one leaves not rented in order to Bedika should be a room which one usually brings Chametz otherwise there’ll be no obligation of Bedika and one will have accomplished nothing by leaving that room not rented. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 10:30 and 11:30 </ref>
## The room which one leaves not rented in order to Bedika should be a room which one usually brings Chametz otherwise there’ll be no obligation of Bedika and one will have accomplished nothing by leaving that room not rented. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 10:30 and 11:30 </ref>


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===Yeshiva Student===
===Yeshiva Student===
# If a Yeshiva student is leaving his dorm or apartment within 30 days of Pesach, even if he isn’t returning on Pesach, he has an obligation to do Bedikat Chametz the night before he leaves, without a Bracha <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 6a says that one who leaves his house within 30 days of Pesach, should do Biur even if he doesn’t plan on being home during Pesach. Rambam (Chametz 2:16) explains that this includes doing Bedika. S”A 436:1 agrees. Mishna Brurah 436:6 writes that one should do Bedika with a candle the night before leaving. Rama 436:1 writes that there’s no Bracha for this Bedika since it’s not performed on the night of the 14th. Torat HaYeshiva 14:2 applies this halacha to a Yeshiva student in dorms. </ref>, but with a candle or flashlight <ref> Taz 436:2 writes that besides the Bedika, one should do Bitul on Erev Pesach; Magen Avraham 436:1 argues that one should also do Bitul after the Bedika as one does by Bedika on the 14th. Biur HaGra 436:4, Mishna Brurah 436:3, and Kaf HaChaim 436:8 agree. </ref>, and then do Bitul. <Ref> Halachos of [[Pesach]] (p. 86) quotes Rav Moshe saying that a flashlight is better than using a candle and Rav Aharon Kotler as saying it is equivalent to a candle. Halichot Shlomo 5:11 writes that if one can’t use a candle, one should use a flashlight. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 38) agrees. </ref>  
# If a Yeshiva student is leaving his dorm or apartment within 30 days of Pesach, even if he isn’t returning on Pesach, he has an obligation to do Bedikat Chametz the night before he leaves, without a Bracha <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 6a says that one who leaves his house within 30 days of Pesach, should do Biur even if he doesn’t plan on being home during [[Pesach]]. Rambam (Chametz 2:16) explains that this includes doing Bedika. S”A 436:1 agrees. Mishna Brurah 436:6 writes that one should do Bedika with a candle the night before leaving. Rama 436:1 writes that there’s no Bracha for this Bedika since it’s not performed on the night of the 14th. Torat HaYeshiva 14:2 applies this halacha to a Yeshiva student in dorms. </ref>, but with a candle or flashlight <ref> Taz 436:2 writes that besides the Bedika, one should do Bitul on Erev Pesach; Magen Avraham 436:1 argues that one should also do Bitul after the Bedika as one does by Bedika on the 14th. Biur HaGra 436:4, Mishna Brurah 436:3, and Kaf HaChaim 436:8 agree. </ref>, and then do Bitul. <Ref> Halachos of [[Pesach]] (p. 86) quotes Rav Moshe saying that a flashlight is better than using a candle and Rav Aharon Kotler as saying it is equivalent to a candle. Halichot Shlomo 5:11 writes that if one can’t use a candle, one should use a flashlight. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 38) agrees. </ref>  
# One shouldn’t eat, work, or learn prior to performing this Bedika, just like one who performs Bedika on the 14th. <ref> Pri Megadim E”H 436:1 writes that one who does Bedika the night before leaving his house, shouldn’t eat, work, or learn just like one who performs Bedika on the 14th. Kaf HaChaim 436:7 and Nitai Gavriel 28:4 agree. Kovetz MeBet Levi (Nissan 5761 pg 85) writes that this also applies to a Yeshiva Student doing Bedika in his dorm the night before he leaves. See [[#Eating or working before Bedika|above]] regarding the laws of not eating, working, or learning within a half hour of Tzeit HaCochavim. </ref>
# One shouldn’t eat, work, or learn prior to performing this Bedika, just like one who performs Bedika on the 14th. <ref> Pri Megadim E”H 436:1 writes that one who does Bedika the night before leaving his house, shouldn’t eat, work, or learn just like one who performs Bedika on the 14th. Kaf HaChaim 436:7 and Nitai Gavriel 28:4 agree. Kovetz MeBet Levi (Nissan 5761 pg 85) writes that this also applies to a Yeshiva Student doing Bedika in his dorm the night before he leaves. See [[#Eating or working before Bedika|above]] regarding the laws of not eating, working, or learning within a half hour of Tzeit HaCochavim. </ref>
# If a student in Yeshiva is in Yeshiva on Pesach, he is obligated to perform Bedika in his dorm room and if it’s done on the 14th at night it should be done with a Bracha. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:17), Dinim VeHanhagot 17:18 quoting the Chazon Ish, Siddur [[Pesach]] KeHilchato 12:9, Kovetz MeBet Levi (Nissan 5756), Chut HaSheni (Pesach pg 88), and Torat HaYeshiva write that a yeshiva student should perform Bedika in his dorm with a Bracha if it’s done on the 14th. </ref> However, some hold that the Bedika should be made without a Bracha. <Ref>Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:287, Chovat Hadar (end of Sefer Dinei Bedikat Chametz), Mishpat HaSechirut 5:32 </ref>
# If a student in Yeshiva is in Yeshiva on Pesach, he is obligated to perform Bedika in his dorm room and if it’s done on the 14th at night it should be done with a Bracha. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:17), Dinim VeHanhagot 17:18 quoting the Chazon Ish, Siddur [[Pesach]] KeHilchato 12:9, Kovetz MeBet Levi (Nissan 5756), Chut HaSheni (Pesach pg 88), and Torat HaYeshiva write that a yeshiva student should perform Bedika in his dorm with a Bracha if it’s done on the 14th. </ref> However, some hold that the Bedika should be made without a Bracha. <Ref>Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:287, Chovat Hadar (end of Sefer Dinei Bedikat Chametz), Mishpat HaSechirut 5:32 </ref>
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# If one is staying at a relative for [[Pesach]] and has a room where will one be staying one should participate in the Bedika by listen to the Bracha on the Bedika and then checking the room one will be staying in. <Ref> Rav Schachter on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 6 and 7 </ref>
# If one is staying at a relative for [[Pesach]] and has a room where will one be staying one should participate in the Bedika by listen to the Bracha on the Bedika and then checking the room one will be staying in. <Ref> Rav Schachter on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 6 and 7 </ref>
===Bungalow Colony===
===Bungalow Colony===
# If one leaves one’s bungalow colony house within 30 days of [[Pesach]] one has to Bedika before one leaves, however if one leaves longer than 30 days before [[Pesach]] one doesn’t have to Bedika and it’s sufficient to do Bitul Chametz on the Chametz in that house unless one is going to come to the house on [[Pesach]] in which case one has to Bedika before Pesach. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 11 and 12 </ref>
# If one leaves one’s bungalow colony house within 30 days of [[Pesach]] one has to Bedika before one leaves, however if one leaves longer than 30 days before [[Pesach]] one doesn’t have to Bedika and it’s sufficient to do Bitul Chametz on the Chametz in that house unless one is going to come to the house on [[Pesach]] in which case one has to Bedika before [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 11 and 12 </ref>
===Office===
===Office===
# One has to do Bedika in one’s office (if one brings food there), however, one doesn’t have to do it on the night before Pesach, but rather one should do so at a time before one leaves the office before Pesach. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 8 and 11 </ref>
# One has to do Bedika in one’s office (if one brings food there), however, one doesn’t have to do it on the night before Pesach, but rather one should do so at a time before one leaves the office before [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 8 and 11 </ref>


==Areas which were cleaned before Pesach==
==Areas which were cleaned before Pesach==
# One has to clean the house before [[Pesach]] and still do Bedika (with a Bracha) the night before Pesach. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 12:45 and 15:45 </ref>
# One has to clean the house before [[Pesach]] and still do Bedika (with a Bracha) the night before [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 12:45 and 15:45 </ref>
# If one cleaned a closet completely by removing every single vessel, checked using an electric light and there no small confined areas or hidden places in the closet then it’s considered checked and doesn’t require Bedika. However, if there are areas which require close examination (like getting down on one’s hands and knees) one should still do Bedika at the appropriate time. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 12:45 and 15:45 </ref>
# If one cleaned a closet completely by removing every single vessel, checked using an electric light and there no small confined areas or hidden places in the closet then it’s considered checked and doesn’t require Bedika. However, if there are areas which require close examination (like getting down on one’s hands and knees) one should still do Bedika at the appropriate time. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 12:45 and 15:45 </ref>
===Cracks===
===Cracks===
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# One should do Bedika on the area where one plans to eat after the Bedika for that night and the next morning and then one should check that area again in the morning. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:2) </ref>
# One should do Bedika on the area where one plans to eat after the Bedika for that night and the next morning and then one should check that area again in the morning. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:2) </ref>
# In an apartment building one person should check the stairwell, closets, etc. for everyone after having made a Bracha for Bedika in his own house (without making interruptions that aren’t relevant to the Bedika). <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 433:3 </ref>
# In an apartment building one person should check the stairwell, closets, etc. for everyone after having made a Bracha for Bedika in his own house (without making interruptions that aren’t relevant to the Bedika). <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 433:3 </ref>
# The minhag is not to do Bedika in the areas where one stores Chametz and is going to sell to a goy for Pesach. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 436:32 quotes those who obligate a Bedika and those who exempt and so it’s preferable to sell it on the 13th. However, Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:3) writes that the accepted minhag is not to do Bedika in those areas and only have it sold afterwards. </ref>
# The minhag is not to do Bedika in the areas where one stores Chametz and is going to sell to a goy for [[Pesach]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 436:32 quotes those who obligate a Bedika and those who exempt and so it’s preferable to sell it on the 13th. However, Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:3) writes that the accepted minhag is not to do Bedika in those areas and only have it sold afterwards. </ref>
# If one's porch is roofed and fenced in, it is considered like any other room that needs to be checked with a bracha. <ref>Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 1, p. 112)</ref>
# If one's porch is roofed and fenced in, it is considered like any other room that needs to be checked with a bracha. <ref>Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 1, p. 112)</ref>
===Books===
===Books===
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==If one didn’t do Bedika==
==If one didn’t do Bedika==
# If one didn’t do Bedika at night one should do so during the day before the sixth hour (halachic hours) and if one forgot to do it before the sixth hour one should still do it on Erev [[Pesach]] with a Bracha. <ref>S”A 435:1, Mishna Brurah 435:5 </ref> One can only do Bitul Chametz after the Bedika until the sixth hour of Erev Pesach. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 435:1 </ref>
# If one didn’t do Bedika at night one should do so during the day before the sixth hour (halachic hours) and if one forgot to do it before the sixth hour one should still do it on Erev [[Pesach]] with a Bracha. <ref>S”A 435:1, Mishna Brurah 435:5 </ref> One can only do Bitul Chametz after the Bedika until the sixth hour of Erev [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 435:1 </ref>
# If one didn’t do it before Pesach, do it on [[Pesach]] unless one did Bitul Chametz before [[Pesach]] in which case one shouldn’t do Bedika on [[Pesach]] with a Bracha. <ref>S”A 435:1, Mishna Brurah 435:3,5 </ref>
# If one didn’t do it before Pesach, do it on [[Pesach]] unless one did Bitul Chametz before [[Pesach]] in which case one shouldn’t do Bedika on [[Pesach]] with a Bracha. <ref>S”A 435:1, Mishna Brurah 435:3,5 </ref>
# If one didn’t do Bedika during Pesach, do it after [[Pesach]] without a Bracha. <ref>S”A 435:1 </ref>
# If one didn’t do Bedika during Pesach, do it after [[Pesach]] without a Bracha. <ref>S”A 435:1 </ref>
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==If one finds Chametz==
==If one finds Chametz==
# If one finds Chametz on [[Yom Tov]] one shouldn’t burn it but rather cover it and then burn it after [[Yom Tov]]. <ref>S”A 446:1 </ref> some say that nowadays one should have a non-Jew flush it down the toilet. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 446:2 </ref>
# If one finds Chametz on [[Yom Tov]] one shouldn’t burn it but rather cover it and then burn it after [[Yom Tov]]. <ref>S”A 446:1 </ref> some say that nowadays one should have a non-Jew flush it down the toilet. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 446:2 </ref>
# If one finds Chametz on Chol HaMoed one should burn it but not make a Bracha if one either did Bitul Chametz or selling of Chametz to a non-Jew before Pesach. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 446:1 </ref>  
# If one finds Chametz on Chol HaMoed one should burn it but not make a Bracha if one either did Bitul Chametz or selling of Chametz to a non-Jew before [[Pesach]]. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 446:1 </ref>  
# Some say that if one sold one’s Chametz before [[Pesach]] and then one finds Chametz on Pesach, one should store it away with the other Chametz that’s sold to the non-Jew and not burn it. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 446:1 quoting Mikrei Kodesh 1:74 </ref>
# Some say that if one sold one’s Chametz before [[Pesach]] and then one finds Chametz on Pesach, one should store it away with the other Chametz that’s sold to the non-Jew and not burn it. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 446:1 quoting Mikrei Kodesh 1:74 </ref>
==Minhag in performing Bedika==
==Minhag in performing Bedika==