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Bishul Akum: Difference between revisions
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==Tafel == | ==Tafel == | ||
# Sometimes, a food may be eaten raw but is a tafel to the main food which has a concern of [[bishul]] akum (not eaten raw). The question is if the food eaten as a tafel is subject to the halachos of [[bishul]] akum. The rules here follow the same rules as [[berachos]]. A food which is mixed to the same degree where it is considered mixed in regard to the halachos of [[berachos]] would not be permitted because of [[bishul]] akum. For example, if peas (edible raw) are mixed with other food then there would be a [[bishul]] akum concern for the peas as well.<ref>Gemara Avoda Zara 38a, Shulchan Aruch YD 113:2, Refer to OU document A-131. </ref> | # Sometimes, a food may be eaten raw but is a tafel to the main food which has a concern of [[bishul]] akum (not eaten raw). The question is if the food eaten as a tafel is subject to the halachos of [[bishul]] akum. The rules here follow the same rules as [[berachos]]. A food which is mixed to the same degree where it is considered mixed in regard to the halachos of [[berachos]] would not be permitted because of [[bishul]] akum. For example, if peas (edible raw) are mixed with other food then there would be a [[bishul]] akum concern for the peas as well.<ref>Gemara Avoda Zara 38a, Shulchan Aruch YD 113:2, Refer to OU document A-131. </ref> | ||
==Forms of Cooking== | |||
# Some poskim hold that there is no prohibition of bishul akum when cooking in a microwave, while others disagree.<ref>[https://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/2168/food-fit-for-a-king-reviewing-the-laws-of-bishul-akum-and-bishul-yisroel/ Rav Heinemann at Star K] holds that there is no bishul akum on a microwave. [https://halachablog.com/2016/01/18/bishul-akum-and-microwaves/] quotes Rav Asher Weiss (Minchat Asher Devarim) as being lenient in case of need. See Chelkas Binyamin p. 106, Lehorot Natan 7:64 and Rivevot Efraim 8:111 for more lenient opinions. | |||
* [https://halachablog.com/2016/01/18/bishul-akum-and-microwaves/] writes that Shevet Halevi 8:185, Shraga Hameir 6:52:3, and Rav Elyashiv (Shvut Yitzchak v. 6 p. 61) hold that there is bishul akum for microwaves. | |||
* The [https://oukosher.org/faqs/are-there-kosher-concerns-of-bishul-akum-if-the-food-is-cooked-in-a-microwave-by-a-gentile/ OU] writes that it is a dispute whether there is bishul akum when cooking in a microwave since it is an innovation or perhaps it is considered a normal form of cooking today.</ref> | |||
==Sephardim== | ==Sephardim== | ||
# Ideally, according to Sephardim, one should not eat in a restaurant where the food was not put on the fire by a Jew, regardless of who lit the flame. Rav Ovadia Yosef articulated a leniency to eat in a restaurant or hotel with Ashkenazic hashgacha that only makes sure that a Jew turns on the fire but not that a Jew is involved in the [[cooking]]. One should ask a qualified rabbi regarding how to apply this leniency in various situations, such as Jewish homes where the maid did some cooking, Shawarma cut by a non Jew, etc.<ref>Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Yechave Daat vol. 5 Siman 54, Yabia Omer vol. 9 Yoreh Deah 6, Halichot Olam vol. 7 page 120. See also Shu"t Rav Pealim vol. 3 Yoreh Deah Siman 9, [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=19979&st=&pgnum=31&hilite= Shu"t Ohr LeTzion vol 2. page 12], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?168477&pageid=P0347 Shu"t HaRav HaRoshi (R' Mordechai Eliyahu) 5750-5753 Siman 152 page 346], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?608029&pageid=0106 Shu"t Maamar Mordechai (Eliyahu vol. 3 Yoreh Deah Siman 4], Shu"t Minchat Yitzchak vol. 7 Siman 62, [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=52140&st=&pgnum=143 Shu"t Binyan Av (R' Eliyahu Bakhchi Doron) vol. 1 Siman 33], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=52138&st=&pgnum=161 Shu"T Binyan Av vol. 3 Siman 35] and [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=52138&st=&pgnum=166&hilite= 36] and [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=52136&st=&pgnum=211 vol. 5 Siman 46], Ohr Torah ([http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?14604&pageid=P0187L Sivan 5752 page 363], Iyyar 5752, [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?14604&pageid=P0396L Av 5752 Siman 155], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?154390&pageid=P0371 Adar 5764 Siman 94], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?154390&pageid=P0595 Iyyar 5764 Siman 88 page 559], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?154390&pageid=P0681 Sivan 5764 Siman 99]), [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=21865&st=&pgnum=112 Shu"t Shema Shlomo vol. 2 Yoreh Deah Siman 7-10], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=48336&st=&pgnum=106 Shu"t Dibrot Eliyahu (Abergel) vol. 6 Yoreh Deah 55], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/55063 Lilkot Shoshanim (R' Eliyahu Bochbot) vol. 5], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=55207&st=&pgnum=296 Shu"t Divrei Benayahu (Dayan) vol. 17 Siman 29], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?23030&pageid=P0136 Shu"t Ateret Paz (R' Shmuel Pinchasi) vol. 1-2 Yoreh Deah Siman 2 page 102 and on], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?199834&pageid=19983400285 Ateret Avot vol. 3 page 273], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?28897&pageid=P0235 Shu"t Birkat Yehudah (R' Yehuda Bracha) vol. 1 Yoreh Deah 23-31], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=51920&st=&pgnum=146 Shu"t Asher Chanan (Aflalo) vol. 3 Yoreh Deah 35], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?198010&pageid=19801000352 Shu"t Avnei Derech (Rav Elchanan Prince) vol. 8 Siman 528], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?194191&pageid=19419100513 Shu"t Avnei Derech vol. 9 page 513],[http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?199083&pageid=19908300235 Shu"t Avnei Derech vol. 10 Siman 86-88], and [https://www.srugim.co.il/126159-לספרדים-יש-בעיה-לקנות-שווארמה-כשהמוכר שו"ת: לספרדים יש בעיה לקנות שווארמה כשהמוכר ערבי] regarding the general issue and shwarma, [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?194191&pageid=19419100286 Shu"t Avnei Derech vol. 9 Siman 99] and [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?199083&pageid=19908300453 vol. 10 page 453] regarding sushi, [https://oukosher.org/content/uploads/2014/02/2014.02.pdf OU Daf HaKashrus Adar 5774], Banim Chavivim (R' Eli Yanay) page 483, and the Further Reading section below.</ref> | # Ideally, according to Sephardim, one should not eat in a restaurant where the food was not put on the fire by a Jew, regardless of who lit the flame. Rav Ovadia Yosef articulated a leniency to eat in a restaurant or hotel with Ashkenazic hashgacha that only makes sure that a Jew turns on the fire but not that a Jew is involved in the [[cooking]]. One should ask a qualified rabbi regarding how to apply this leniency in various situations, such as Jewish homes where the maid did some cooking, Shawarma cut by a non Jew, etc.<ref>Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Yechave Daat vol. 5 Siman 54, Yabia Omer vol. 9 Yoreh Deah 6, Halichot Olam vol. 7 page 120. See also Shu"t Rav Pealim vol. 3 Yoreh Deah Siman 9, [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=19979&st=&pgnum=31&hilite= Shu"t Ohr LeTzion vol 2. page 12], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?168477&pageid=P0347 Shu"t HaRav HaRoshi (R' Mordechai Eliyahu) 5750-5753 Siman 152 page 346], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?608029&pageid=0106 Shu"t Maamar Mordechai (Eliyahu vol. 3 Yoreh Deah Siman 4], Shu"t Minchat Yitzchak vol. 7 Siman 62, [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=52140&st=&pgnum=143 Shu"t Binyan Av (R' Eliyahu Bakhchi Doron) vol. 1 Siman 33], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=52138&st=&pgnum=161 Shu"T Binyan Av vol. 3 Siman 35] and [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=52138&st=&pgnum=166&hilite= 36] and [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=52136&st=&pgnum=211 vol. 5 Siman 46], Ohr Torah ([http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?14604&pageid=P0187L Sivan 5752 page 363], Iyyar 5752, [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?14604&pageid=P0396L Av 5752 Siman 155], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?154390&pageid=P0371 Adar 5764 Siman 94], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?154390&pageid=P0595 Iyyar 5764 Siman 88 page 559], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?154390&pageid=P0681 Sivan 5764 Siman 99]), [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=21865&st=&pgnum=112 Shu"t Shema Shlomo vol. 2 Yoreh Deah Siman 7-10], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=48336&st=&pgnum=106 Shu"t Dibrot Eliyahu (Abergel) vol. 6 Yoreh Deah 55], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/55063 Lilkot Shoshanim (R' Eliyahu Bochbot) vol. 5], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=55207&st=&pgnum=296 Shu"t Divrei Benayahu (Dayan) vol. 17 Siman 29], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?23030&pageid=P0136 Shu"t Ateret Paz (R' Shmuel Pinchasi) vol. 1-2 Yoreh Deah Siman 2 page 102 and on], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?199834&pageid=19983400285 Ateret Avot vol. 3 page 273], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?28897&pageid=P0235 Shu"t Birkat Yehudah (R' Yehuda Bracha) vol. 1 Yoreh Deah 23-31], [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=51920&st=&pgnum=146 Shu"t Asher Chanan (Aflalo) vol. 3 Yoreh Deah 35], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?198010&pageid=19801000352 Shu"t Avnei Derech (Rav Elchanan Prince) vol. 8 Siman 528], [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?194191&pageid=19419100513 Shu"t Avnei Derech vol. 9 page 513],[http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?199083&pageid=19908300235 Shu"t Avnei Derech vol. 10 Siman 86-88], and [https://www.srugim.co.il/126159-לספרדים-יש-בעיה-לקנות-שווארמה-כשהמוכר שו"ת: לספרדים יש בעיה לקנות שווארמה כשהמוכר ערבי] regarding the general issue and shwarma, [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?194191&pageid=19419100286 Shu"t Avnei Derech vol. 9 Siman 99] and [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?199083&pageid=19908300453 vol. 10 page 453] regarding sushi, [https://oukosher.org/content/uploads/2014/02/2014.02.pdf OU Daf HaKashrus Adar 5774], Banim Chavivim (R' Eli Yanay) page 483, and the Further Reading section below.</ref> | ||
