Boneh

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Building shelters and tents

  1. Setting up a functional installation attached to the ground is a violation of Boneh (building). For example, it's forbidden to erect a post in the ground or tomato stake to support a tomato plant. [1]
  2. Laying bricks, setting up rocks as a border to a garden, putting down rocks for landscaping purposes (like chips around a tree or on a road or path), and building a fence are all violations of Boneh (building). [2]
  3. Building a Sukkah is forbidden as Boneh (building). [3]
  4. Building any functional land structure whether it is permanent or temporary is forbidden. [4]
  5. However, using an object as it is normally used such as closing a door is permitted. Similarly one may replace a removable paper towel roll or removable toilet paper holder. [5]

Adding on to a existing structure

  1. In previous centuries it was common to have dirt floors and it would be forbidden to put down new sand as it is left as a permanent layer of the floor and is a violation of Boneh (building). [6]
  2. Putting down a large area rug which is meant to remain there for more than 7 days is forbidden as it is considered something that can become nullified to the floor. [7]
  3. Tiling a floor, wallpapering a room, installing a doorknob are all forbidden as adding to an existing structure. [8]
  4. According to many poskim it is permitted to rehang a picture that fell on Shabbat as long as the picture isn't expensive and rare. [9]
  5. One should not replace a mezuzah that fell on Shabbat because of issues of adding to an existing structure and muktzeh. However, if it is lying on the floor one pick it up in a abnormal way such as by using the palms of both hands. [10]

Digging a hole

Assembling objects

References

  1. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1005)
  2. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1006)
  3. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1010)
  4. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1012) explains that if it is a construction that can't be taken apart and only can be broken then it's forbidden biblically whether it is permanent or temporary and if it is a assembly that can be dismantled then building it for temporary purposes (less than 7 days) is a rabbinic violation and building it for permanent purposes is biblical violations.
  5. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1014-5)
  6. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1015)
  7. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1017 and 1019) explains that since it is only a loose addition it doesn't become nullified to the floor unless it is put there for 7 days.
  8. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1016-7)
  9. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1019) explains that that according to many opinions hanging a picture isn't a violation of adding to a existing structure because it retains it's own function similar to putting a potted plant on the floor or a vessel in the breakfront even though it will remain for a long time. On pg 1038 he writes that it's permissible to rehang it unless it is a expensive and rare painting because it would be muktzah and according to some poskim it's muktzeh once it was attached during the onset of Shabbat.
  10. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1038)