Doing Activities Before Davening

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Shacharit

Learning

  1. If one usually goes to daven in a minyan, then, it’s permissible to learn before Davening even after Olot HaShachar and so, the minhag is to be learn before Davening. [1]
  2. It’s permissible to learn until Olot HaShachar. However, once Olot Hashachar comes, it’s forbidden to begin learning until one prays. [2]Some are lenient to permit learning after Olot HaShachar until close to Netz HaChama. [3]Nonetheless, under three circumstances it’s permissible to learn even after Olot HaShachar:
  • if one is learning the place where a tzibbur will come to daven, [4]
  • if one asked a friend who wasn’t learning to remind him before the latest time of Shema and Tefilla, [5] or
  • if one was teaching Torah to a group or is learning in a group if there’s no concern that one will miss the latest time for Shema. [6]
  • Some add that it’s permissible if one isn’t learning in a in-depth study. [7]
  1. If one already began learning before Olot HaShachar, one should continue and doesn’t have to stop. If one began learning after Olot HaShachar, some say that one should stop for Kriyat Shema and some say that one doesn’t have to stop as long as there’s time prior to the latest time for Shema. [8]
  2. Someone who can’t learn after Olot HaShachar and then tzibbur is only Davening later, it’s preferable to daven earlier and then learn even though one won’t daven together at the time of the tzibbur. [9]

Working

  1. It’s forbidden to do work after Olot HaShachar until one prays. From a half hour before Olot HaShachar it’s preferable to say Birchot HaShachar before working. [10] However, work for a mitzvah is permissible [11]
  2. If one began working prior to Olot HaShachar it’s permissible to continue afterwards. [12]

Travel

  1. It’s forbidden to travel from Olot HaShachar until one prays. [13] If there’s an extenuating circumstance such as where one won’t be able to travel after prayer, or that one will have to travel alone and it’ll be dangerous, then one may be lenient but one should first say Birchot HaShachar. [14] Nonetheless, many are lenient and have what to rely on if there’s a serious need for Parnasa (supporting a family) and if waits it’ll waste a lot of time as long as one says Brachot HaShachar prior to traveling. Even in this case one should make sure that one is able to pray before the latest time. [15]
  2. For the purposes of a mitzvah it’s permissible, but it’s preferable to first say Birchot HaShachar. [16] For example, if there’s no minyan in the place one lives and there’s a minyan in the place one is traveling or if one is traveling to a place where one will be able to have more kavana in prayers. [17]

Showering

  1. It’s permissible to go to mikveh or shower after Olot HaShachar prior to prayering [18]

Sleeping

  1. If one stayed up all night, then it’s forbidden to go to sleep within a half hour before Olot HaShachar until one prays. If one asks a friend to wake one up then it’s permissible. If one can’t ask a friend and one can’t pray, one may be lenient and just say Kriyat Shema and then go to sleep. [19]
  2. If one was sleeping and woke up to go to the bathroom one may go back to sleep even after Olot HaShachar as long as one will not miss the latest time for Shema. [20]

Showering or Shaving

  1. It’s permissible to shower or shave until Olot HaShachar but afterwards one can’t start to shower or shave. [21] However, a short shower with a little soap for someone who feels unclean in order to prepare for Davening is permissible. [22]
  2. Some are lenient to shave before Davening if one can’t do so afterwards. [23]

Other

  1. Prior to Davening one shouldn’t pick up a child which may soil oneself, or begin to cry when one puts it down and by the time one cleans up or appeases the child one may miss the time for Davening. [24]

References

  1. S”A 89:6, Piskei Teshuvot 89:23
  2. S”A 89:6
  3. Mishna Brurah 89:31
  4. Mishna Brurah 89:32
  5. Mishna Brurah 89:24
  6. S”A 89:6 permits if one is teaching a group. Mishna Brurah 89:35 says that this is only if there’s no concern for missing Shema. Ishei Yisrael 13:34 in name of Mekor Chaim 89:6 includes the case of learning in a group.
  7. Piskei Teshuvot 89:23 quoting Sh”t Avnei Tzedek 19 (however, see Mishna Brurah 89:33 who implies the opposite).
  8. Mishna Brurah 89:30
  9. Mishna Brurah 89:33
  10. Mishna Brurah 89:37, Ishei Yisrael 13:18
  11. Ishei Yisrael 13:19
  12. Mishna Brurah 70:23-5, Ishei Yisrael 13:22
  13. S”A 89:3
  14. Ishei Yisrael 13:23
  15. Piskei Teshuvot 89:16
  16. Ishei Yisrael 13:24
  17. Piskei Teshuvot 89:16
  18. Ishei Yisrael 13:21
  19. Ishei Yisrael 13:31
  20. Ishei Yisrael 13:31, Piskei Teshuvot 89:22
  21. S”A 89:7, Mishna Brurah 89:36
  22. Piskei Teshuvot 89:24
  23. Piskei Teshuvot 89:24 is lenient but quotes Halichot Shlomo who is strict
  24. Ishei Yisrael 13:37