Earliest and Latest time to light Chanukah Candles: Difference between revisions

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* The Rif (9b), Rambam ([[Chanuka]] 4:5), and Rosh (2:3) all write that the time that people leave the marketplace is one half-hour after the time for lighting begins. Tur and S”A 672:2 codify this as halacha. However, the Ritva 21b s.v. Ad points out that this amount of time is not an objective time period, but rather is dependent on the time and place. Therefore, Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Hilchos [[Chanukah]] and [[Purim]] #1, min 19-20) rules that although the minhag of some yeshivot is to light about 20 minutes after sunset (see note 1), one may light as long as people are walking in the streets, which in a yeshiva could be very late indeed. </ref>
* The Rif (9b), Rambam ([[Chanuka]] 4:5), and Rosh (2:3) all write that the time that people leave the marketplace is one half-hour after the time for lighting begins. Tur and S”A 672:2 codify this as halacha. However, the Ritva 21b s.v. Ad points out that this amount of time is not an objective time period, but rather is dependent on the time and place. Therefore, Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Hilchos [[Chanukah]] and [[Purim]] #1, min 19-20) rules that although the minhag of some yeshivot is to light about 20 minutes after sunset (see note 1), one may light as long as people are walking in the streets, which in a yeshiva could be very late indeed. </ref>
# Someone who came home right before [[Olot HaShachar]] can light with a bracha even though it won’t be lit for 30 minutes during the night. Some say one should light without a bracha if there’s not 30 minutes for the candle to be light at night. <ref> Sh”t [[Shevet Halevi]] 8:156 writes that one can light with a bracha even if there’s not 30 minutes for the candles to burn before [[Olot Hashachar]]. He proves this from the simple language of S”A, Magen Avraham and Mishna Brurah (and all other poskim) that one can light all night until [[Olot HaShachar]]. So writes Sh”t Rivovot Efraim 5:582 in name of Sh”t Shem MeShimon 3 pg 120. Chazon Ovadiah ([[Chanukah]] pg 67) seems to agree because he quotes the Shevet HaLevi and no one who argues. Yalkut Yosef Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 672:2. However, Rav Elyashiv in Sefer [[Chanukah]] 13:13 and Torat HaYoledet 54:7 say not to light with a bracha unless there’s 30 minutes before [[Olot HaShachar]]. </ref>
# Someone who came home right before [[Olot HaShachar]] can light with a bracha even though it won’t be lit for 30 minutes during the night. Some say one should light without a bracha if there’s not 30 minutes for the candle to be light at night. <ref> Sh”t [[Shevet Halevi]] 8:156 writes that one can light with a bracha even if there’s not 30 minutes for the candles to burn before [[Olot Hashachar]]. He proves this from the simple language of S”A, Magen Avraham and Mishna Brurah (and all other poskim) that one can light all night until [[Olot HaShachar]]. So writes Sh”t Rivovot Efraim 5:582 in name of Sh”t Shem MeShimon 3 pg 120. Chazon Ovadiah ([[Chanukah]] pg 67) seems to agree because he quotes the Shevet HaLevi and no one who argues. Yalkut Yosef Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 672:2. However, Rav Elyashiv in Sefer [[Chanukah]] 13:13 and Torat HaYoledet 54:7 say not to light with a bracha unless there’s 30 minutes before [[Olot HaShachar]]. </ref>
# Some poskim hold that one should wait for his wife because of Shalom Bayit even if that means missing lighting precisely at the time for lighting. <ref> Emet LeYacov 677 in the footnote, Kovetz MeBet Levi kislev 5757, Rav Mordechai Willig (oral communication, Halachipedia Chanuka Packet 5775). </ref>  
# One who didn’t light at night (before [[Olot HaShachar]]) can’t light during the day, but if one wants, one can light without a bracha. <ref> S”A 672:2. Siddur Rashi 116 pg 151 (quoting Teshuvat Rabbenu Yitzchak Bar Yehuda) says if one didn’t light during the night one can’t light during the day. Sh”t Maaseh Goenim 55 pg 43, Teshuvat Rashi 52, Machsor Vitri 237 pg 201, Sh”t Maharam MeRotenberg 634, Pardes HaGadol 199, Tur 672, Shibolei HaLeket 185, and Roke’ach 226 quote this as well. Ravyah 3:843 in name of Rabbenu Tam says one can light in the day if one didn’t light at night. Sh”t Hitorerut Teshuva 1:119 writes that since we light nowadays indoors one should light as long as the candle gives off light (before [[HaNetz]], when the sun’s light overwhelms the candles light). However, Rav Ovadyah in Kol Sinai (kislev 5725) and Torat HaMoadim 4:5 argue that even though one should light to satisfy all opinions one isn’t allowed to make a bracha. </ref>
# Soldiers in the army who can’t light at night for security reasons and want to light while it’s still day and extinguish it before it gets dark can light without a bracha. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 210) </ref>
==Coming Home Late from Work==
# Some poskim hold that one should wait for his wife because of Shalom Bayit even if that means missing lighting precisely at the time for lighting. <ref> Emet LeYacov 677 in the footnote, Kovetz MeBet Levi kislev 5757, Rav Mordechai Willig (oral communication, Halachipedia Chanuka Packet 5775).</ref> Such is the minhag.<Ref> Halachos of Chanukah by Rabbi Eider p. 34 n. 3 writes that if someone can't be home at the proper time but will get home before it is too late to light, that is while someone will still be a awake inside he shouldn't ask his his wife to light for him but to light himself when he gets home, especailly if he's generally not careful to light at the earliest time. He concludes that such is the minhag. </ref>  
# Sephardic poskim hold that it is preferable to light at the right time by asking your wife to light rather than light yourself after a half hour after Tzet Hakochavim. Ashkenazic poskim debate the matter. <ref>Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 3:51) writes that it is preferable to ask one’s wife to light for him at Tzeit HaKochavim, rather than light later at home by oneself. The idea of Mitzvah Bo Yoter Mbshelucho is only if you can fulfill it in an equally ideal fashion, however, since if you light later that is not ideal it is better to fulfill the mitzvah yourself now. Yalkut Yosef Chanuka p. 382 rules exactly the same thing for someone at work late he should ask his wife to light on time. Torat Hamoadim Chanuka 4:6 and Or Letzion 4:43:4 agree. He even extends it to the case where neither the husband or wife is home and he says that you should ask a neighbor to light for you. Mayan Omer v. 3 p. 343 also quotes Rav Ovadia as saying that you should ask your wife to light for you on time instead of later. However, he also quotes Rav Ovadia from personal communication that if the whole family is away until very late Rav Ovadia said it is better to light later when you get back rather than ask a neighbor to light for you as a shaliach. Mayan Omer distinguishes between the two cases because the wife is more shayach to your house to be yotzei there than a neighbor. Also, he says that since everyone is coming home later there's a mitzvah for them to see the candles so that's a reason to have them light later but if the wife can light earlier then at least she can see the candles. Mayan Omer quotes Ben Ish Chai in Rav Poalim YD 2:35 that is similar to Rav Ovadia's approach. (As a contradictory piece of evidence, Rav Eliyahu Shtarit in Rabbenu p. 30 quotes Rav Ovadia Yosef as having allowed him to light later than tzet hakoachim himself rather than have his wife light for him on time. Also, he quotes Rav Dovid Yosef as saying that Rav Ovadia Yosef did that himself. To clarify, Rav Yitzchak Yosef in a [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=71848 Motzei Shabbat Shiur Vayeshev 5779 min 29] explained that his father used to give shiurim until very late like 11pm and then come home and light. His mother didn't want to light herself despite the fact that he asked her to.)
# Sephardic poskim hold that it is preferable to light at the right time by asking your wife to light rather than light yourself after a half hour after Tzet Hakochavim. Ashkenazic poskim debate the matter. <ref>Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 3:51) writes that it is preferable to ask one’s wife to light for him at Tzeit HaKochavim, rather than light later at home by oneself. The idea of Mitzvah Bo Yoter Mbshelucho is only if you can fulfill it in an equally ideal fashion, however, since if you light later that is not ideal it is better to fulfill the mitzvah yourself now. Yalkut Yosef Chanuka p. 382 rules exactly the same thing for someone at work late he should ask his wife to light on time. Torat Hamoadim Chanuka 4:6 and Or Letzion 4:43:4 agree. He even extends it to the case where neither the husband or wife is home and he says that you should ask a neighbor to light for you. Mayan Omer v. 3 p. 343 also quotes Rav Ovadia as saying that you should ask your wife to light for you on time instead of later. However, he also quotes Rav Ovadia from personal communication that if the whole family is away until very late Rav Ovadia said it is better to light later when you get back rather than ask a neighbor to light for you as a shaliach. Mayan Omer distinguishes between the two cases because the wife is more shayach to your house to be yotzei there than a neighbor. Also, he says that since everyone is coming home later there's a mitzvah for them to see the candles so that's a reason to have them light later but if the wife can light earlier then at least she can see the candles. Mayan Omer quotes Ben Ish Chai in Rav Poalim YD 2:35 that is similar to Rav Ovadia's approach. (As a contradictory piece of evidence, Rav Eliyahu Shtarit in Rabbenu p. 30 quotes Rav Ovadia Yosef as having allowed him to light later than tzet hakoachim himself rather than have his wife light for him on time. Also, he quotes Rav Dovid Yosef as saying that Rav Ovadia Yosef did that himself. To clarify, Rav Yitzchak Yosef in a [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=71848 Motzei Shabbat Shiur Vayeshev 5779 min 29] explained that his father used to give shiurim until very late like 11pm and then come home and light. His mother didn't want to light herself despite the fact that he asked her to.)
* Rav Shternbuch (Teshuvot V’hanhagot 4:170) agrees, but adds that the husband should still light when he gets home. He may even recite the bracha if he had in mind not to fulfill his obligation earlier with his wife and some people in the house are still awake. Rav Vosner (Shevet Halevi 4:66) raises a doubt as to which is preferable, and concludes that it is probably preferable for the husband to light later that night by himself.</ref>
* Rav Shternbuch (Teshuvot V’hanhagot 4:170) agrees, but adds that the husband should still light when he gets home. He may even recite the bracha if he had in mind not to fulfill his obligation earlier with his wife and some people in the house are still awake. Rav Vosner (Shevet Halevi 4:66) raises a doubt as to which is preferable, and concludes that it is probably preferable for the husband to light later that night by himself.</ref>
# One who didn’t light at night (before [[Olot HaShachar]]) can’t light during the day, but if one wants, one can light without a bracha. <ref> S”A 672:2. Siddur Rashi 116 pg 151 (quoting Teshuvat Rabbenu Yitzchak Bar Yehuda) says if one didn’t light during the night one can’t light during the day. Sh”t Maaseh Goenim 55 pg 43, Teshuvat Rashi 52, Machsor Vitri 237 pg 201, Sh”t Maharam MeRotenberg 634, Pardes HaGadol 199, Tur 672, Shibolei HaLeket 185, and Roke’ach 226 quote this as well. Ravyah 3:843 in name of Rabbenu Tam says one can light in the day if one didn’t light at night. Sh”t Hitorerut Teshuva 1:119 writes that since we light nowadays indoors one should light as long as the candle gives off light (before [[HaNetz]], when the sun’s light overwhelms the candles light). However, Rav Ovadyah in Kol Sinai (kislev 5725) and Torat HaMoadim 4:5 argue that even though one should light to satisfy all opinions one isn’t allowed to make a bracha. </ref>
# Soldiers in the army who can’t light at night for security reasons and want to light while it’s still day and extinguish it before it gets dark can light without a bracha. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 210) </ref>


== Lighting before or after Mariv==
== Lighting before or after Mariv==
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