Items That Cannot Be Nullified

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Complete Natural Items (Biryah)

  1. If a whole item from a living being is mixed into a mixture it isn’t nullified even one in a thousand.[1] For example, an ant, non-kosher bird, sciatic nerve, and a limb that was detached from a kosher animal are considered whole items and not nullified. [2]
  2. A item from a living being is only considered significant and not nullified if it meets 4 conditions:
    1. It comes from a living being.[3]
    2. It is whole and not cut up.[4]
    3. It is forbidden from its creation.[5]
    4. If it were to be split up it would lose its unique name.[6]

Sources

  1. ↑ Chullin 100a says that the sciatic nerve isn’t nullified when in a mixture of other sinews because it a complete item. From here the rishonim extrapolate that all complete items are considered significant and not nullified. This is codified in the Rambam (Maachalot Asurot 16:6), Tur, and Shulchan Aruch YD 100:1.
    • Rash (Mishna Trumot 10:8) writes that a complete living item is nullified with an amount 960 times greater than its volume of permitted ingredients. The Rashba (Torat HaBayit 14b) agrees. However, the Rosh (Chullin 7:37) and Ran (Chullin 32b) disagree and say that the mishna Chullin 96b compares the piece that is used to honor guest and a complete item from a living being and a piece that is used to honor guest isn’t nullified even one in a thousand. Shulchan Aruch YD 100:1 and Gra 100:5 rule that a complete item from a living being isn’t nullified even one in a thousand.
  2. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 100:1
  3. ↑ Gemara Macot 17a sites the opinion of the Rabbis who disagree with Rabbi Shimon that only a complete item from a living being is significant. The Ritva (Chullin 100a) and Taz 100:1 point out that the concept of a living being found in the area of Malkot is applied on a rabbinic level to nullification. The idea that only a living item is significant for the halacha of biryah is mentioned by the Ran (chullin 36a s.v. garsinan) and Shulchan Aruch 100:1.
  4. ↑ Ran (chullin 36a s.v. garsinan), Shulchan Aruch 100:1
  5. ↑ Ran (chullin 36a s.v. garsinan), Shulchan Aruch 100:1
  6. ↑ Rosh (Chullin 7:33), Shulchan Aruch 100:1. All four of the above conditions are summarized by the Pri Megadim (S”D 100:3).
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