Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions

*[[Brachot]] 9b records the dispute between Abaye who holds the time for Shema is shortly before [[HaNetz]] as the practice of the [[Vatikin]] and Rav Huna who allows from when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]].

*Rosh ([[Brachot]] 1:10), Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 4b, and Rashba 9b hold that Lechatchila one can say it at Olot but it’s preferable to wait until shortly before [[HaNetz]]. So agree majority of the Goenim and Rishonim including Siddur Rav Amram Goan 15 pg 90, Siddur Rashi 8-9, Sefer [[Chinuch]] 420, Tosfot Yoma 37b s.v. Abaye, Ramban (Milchamot beginning of [[Brachot]]), Or Zaruh (Kriyat Shema 1:13), Meiri ([[Brachot]] 9b), Nemukei Yosef ([[Brachot]] 9b), Rashbetz ([[Brachot]] 9b), Ritva ([[Brachot]] 9b, Yoma 37b), and Tur 58.

*Rabbenu Chananel ([[Brachot]] 9b) holds one should say Vatakin by saying Shema specifically at [[HaNetz]] and not shortly before. This is also the opinion of Bal Hamoar (Beginning of [[Brachot]]), Roke’ach 3320 pg 211, and Avudraham ([[Shacharit]] Chol 1) who says Rabbenu Hai Goan would say the [[brachot]] before [[HaNetz]] and Shema only at [[HaNetz]], and Rabbenu Tam (Sefer Yashar Sh”t 8:1) holds like Rabbenu Chananel but for a different reason.

*Sh”t Ish Matzliach O”C 1:15 pg 42 D”h Vehalah explains that S”A ruled like the Rosh because it was the prevalent Minhag. Concerning Brachot Kriyat Shema, Mishna Brurah 58:1 says based on Rashi (Brachot 11b s.v Yotzer Or) the [[Brachot]] Kriyat Shema can also only be said when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]]. This is also the opinion of Halacha Brurah 58:2.

*Rav Moshe Feinstein in Iggeros Moshe OC 4:6 rules that misheyakir is 35 minutes before sunrise. Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky in Emes liyaakov OC 58:1 rules that it is 36 minutes before sunrise.</ref>

#Even in extenuating circumstances one may not make a Bracha upon putting on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] any time before [[MeSheyakir]]; rather one should put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] without a Bracha and after [[MeSheyakir]] has arrived one may make the [[Brachot]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 58:16, Halacha Brurah 58:9 </ref>

#If someone got up before netz and isn’t going to daven until after netz according to many poskim it is preferable to say shema even without brachot, tefillin, and semicha geulah ltefillah. <ref>If someone got up before netz and can recite Shema without a minyan, tefillin, and without Shemona Esrei immediately to follow should he recite it then? Rabbenu Yonah 13b s.v. Matniten writes that it is better to say shema before netz than it is to do semicha geulah to tefillah and therefore one should say it before one davens if it is before netz and one isn't going to daven until after netz. Do we hold like Rabbenu Yonah? Shulchan Aruch Harav 58:4 and Rav Schachter ([http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/885663/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-14-9ab-eilu-veeilu-korban-pesach-lashon-bakasha-ehekeh-bnei-melachim-devarim-shebichsav/ Brachot Shiur 14 (min 68)] and [http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/886512/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-17-10b-11a-zman-tefillah-shel-shacharit-eilu-veeilu/ Brachot Shiur 17 (min 3)]) hold yes. Rav Mordechai Willig (Am Mordechai p. 149-151) argues that we don't follow that opinion since we hold that it is lechatchila to say Shema until the end of the first three hours one shouldn’t say Shema without brachot and without semicha geulah ltefillah before netz. (There is a support for this in the Meiri Brachot 22b s.v. yarad that the mishna only meant if you can say Shema and Shemona Esrei should you say it before netz.)</ref>

#The latest time for Kriyat Shema is the end of the third hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]] <ref>S”A 58, 89:1 based on Rambam in Sh”t Pear Hadar 44 where he writes that all times of Chazal are [[Shaot Zmaniot]]. The opinion of the Rambam is also found in Pirush Mishnayot Brachot ch. 1 and in Hilchot Tefilah 3 where he equates 4 hours with a third of the day. This is also the opinion of the Meiri [[Brachot]] 9b, Rav Ovadyah MeBarentura, and Sh”t Maharil 163. However Tosfot HaRosh [[Brachot]] 3b s.v. Kiyvan writes to calculate the hours equally all year round. See Peni Yehoshua on Brachot who supports the approach of the Tosfot Harosh. The Achronim rule like S”A including Pri [[Chadash]] 58:2, Sh”t Shagat Aryeh 5e, Shulchan Gavoha 58:13, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 58:3, Chaye Adam 21:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:1, Sh”t Rav Poalim 2:2,3,19, Ben Ish Chai Vaera 5, Sh”t Chesed LeAvraham Teomim Kama O”C 7, Mishna Brurah 58:5, and Kaf Hachaim 58:3. </ref>) which is a quarter of the day. <ref>[[Brachot]] 9b has a dispute of the [[latest time for Shema]]. The Gemara 10b rules like Rabbi Yehoshua who says that it’s the 3rd hour. So hold the Rambam(Kriyat Shema 1:11), Tur, and S”A 58:6. Rambam, Meiri [[Brachot]] 9b, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 4b hold that after [[HaNetz]] until the 3rd hour is only bedieved (after the fact. However implied from majority of Rishonim(including Tur and S”A) is that it’s even Lechatchila. Machsor Vitri (1 pg 7), Yerayim 13, Roke’ach 320, Ravyah 1:15, Rabbenu Yehonatan Melunil ([[Brachot]] 1), Siddur Rav Amram 1:15-6 rule the ending time is the beginning of the third hour. However S”A 58:6 rules it’s the end of the 3rd hour based on majority of Rishonim including Tosfot (Avofda Zara 4b s.v. Betelat), Smag (Asin 18), Smak 104, Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11), Meharam Rikatani 5, Piskei Rid ([[Brachot]] 10b), Piskei Riaz, Eshkol 1:5, [[Chinuch]] 420, Meiri ([[Brachot]] 9b), Sefer HaBatim (Shema 2:6), Orchot Chaim (Shema 5), Rashbetz ([[Brachot]] 10b).</ref>

#Even though the primary time for the latest time of Shema is the third hour of the day according to the Gra, one should be strict for Magen Avraham to say before the third hour according to his calculation.<ref>Exactly how to calculate the end of the third hour is an argument of the poskim. The gra says that the day begins at sunrise and ends at sunset while the Magen Avraham says days begins at alot hashachar and ends at tzet hakochavim. Mishna Brurah 58:4 quotes both opinions and doesn’t make a ruling. Aruch hashulchan 58:14, Chazon Ish OC 13:3-4, Sh”t [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14673&st=&pgnum=67 Iggerot Moshe OC 1:24], YD 3:129:3, Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 3:71, all accept the later time of the Gra as the primary opinion. Igrot Moshe YD 4:48:4 writes that although the Gra is primary a person should be strict for the Magen Avraham. See Igrot Moshe 1:24 where he writes that on the charts you should print the Gra's times since that is the primary times. See however, Sh”t Teshuvot ViHanhagot 1:56 quoting Rav Aharon Kotler and Orchos Rabbeinu 1:53 quoting the Steipler.  </ref>

==Latest Time for Brachot Kriyat Shema==