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Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
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→How Kriyat Shema is to be Read
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#Nonetheless, if one began eating before [[Olot HaShachar]], one must stop immediately at [[Olot HaShachar]] since one may not eat before saying Kriyat Shema. <ref>Mishna Brurah 70:23 and Halacha Brurah 70:6 </ref> | #Nonetheless, if one began eating before [[Olot HaShachar]], one must stop immediately at [[Olot HaShachar]] since one may not eat before saying Kriyat Shema. <ref>Mishna Brurah 70:23 and Halacha Brurah 70:6 </ref> | ||
==The First Pasuk== | |||
#One should read the first Pasuk out loud by everyone in the congregation in order to inspire Kavana. <ref>S”A 61:4 and Rama 61:26. </ref> | |||
#When one says the first pasuk of Kriyat Shema, one should instill in one's heart love of Hashem. <ref>Mishna Brurah 25:14 quotes the Sefer Charedim who says that just as one shouldn't say Shema without [[Tefillin]], so too one shouldn't say the first Pasuk of Shema without instilling in one's heart love of Hashem as the pasuk speaks about the command to love Hashem.</ref> | |||
==Covering One's Eyes== | |||
# The practice is to cover one's eyes<ref>Magen Giborim (A"H 61:7) writes that one should cover one's eyes and not one's whole face.</ref> for the first pasuk of kriyat Shema in order to enable oneself to have better intent and not be distracted while saying that pasuk.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 61:5 based on the Rosh 2:3 and Brachot 13b</ref> Another reason for covering one's eyes is based on an allusion in the pasuk ויוסף ישית ידו על עיניך<ref>Beresheet 46:4</ref> since Yosef's presence enabled Yaakov to strengthen his belief in Hashem's unity which is symbolized by covering one's eyes for kriyat Shema.<ref>[https://torah.org/torah-portion/ravfrand-5769-vayigash/ Rav Yisachar Frand quoting Rav Yakov Kulefsky]</ref> | |||
# It is customary to use one's right hand to cover one's eyes for kriyat Shema.<ref>Ateret Zekenim 61:6, Shaarei Teshuva 61:6, Mishna Brurah 61:17. Dibrot Shlomo p. 235 quotes the Arizal (Pri Etz Chaim, Shema ch. 6) who says that one should cover one's eyes with one's right hand based on Kabalah. He explains that there's two layers of darkness, one associated with the left and the higher layer with the right.</ref> This is true even for a lefty.<ref>This was the practice of the Steipler (Orchot Rabbenu 1:53, cited by Dirshu 61:10). This is also the position of the Ben Ish Chai (Od Yosef Chai Vaera 3) that a lefty should use his right hand to cover his eyes.</ref> | |||
# It is fine to cover one's eyes while wearing glasses and there's no question of [[chatzitza]], an interposition.<ref>Divrei Yatziv likutim 12 (cited by Dirshu 61:10)explained that there's no concern of a chatzitza while covering one's eyes since the point in covering one's eyes is so as not to be distracted.</ref> | |||
#Some say that one should even cover one's eyes for Baruch Shem, while others disagree.<ref>Alim Lterufa 5766 cited the Shaar Kavanot of the Arizal (Aleinu drush 1) that one should cover one's eyes even for baruch shem while the Maharil (Minhagim Tefilah 1) only did it for Shema.</ref> | |||
==How Kriyat Shema is to be Read== | ==How Kriyat Shema is to be Read== | ||
#The rest of Shema should preferably be said out loud. It can be said quietly as long as one is saying it loud enough that one can hear oneself. After the fact if one said it so quietly that one couldn't hear oneself one fulfilled one's obligation.<ref>The Tana Kama in the Mishna Brachot 15a says that after the fact if someone didn't say Shema loud enough to hear himself he fulfilled his obligation. In the gemara 15b Rav Chisda rules like the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda that initially one needs to say Shema loud enough to hear himself but after the fact one fulfilled one's obligation even if it was quieter than that. Shulchan Aruch 62:3 codifies the opinion of Rav Chisda. Shulchan Aruch 61:26 writes that the practice is to say Shema aloud and have the practice to say it quietly. Halacha Brurah 61:9 explains that Shulchan Aruch means that quietly means that everyone says it loud enough that they can hear themselves and loud means that they said it loudly so everyone can hear. </ref> | #The rest of Shema should preferably be said out loud. It can be said quietly as long as one is saying it loud enough that one can hear oneself. After the fact if one said it so quietly that one couldn't hear oneself one fulfilled one's obligation.<ref>The Tana Kama in the Mishna Brachot 15a says that after the fact if someone didn't say Shema loud enough to hear himself he fulfilled his obligation. In the gemara 15b Rav Chisda rules like the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda that initially one needs to say Shema loud enough to hear himself but after the fact one fulfilled one's obligation even if it was quieter than that. Shulchan Aruch 62:3 codifies the opinion of Rav Chisda. Shulchan Aruch 61:26 writes that the practice is to say Shema aloud and have the practice to say it quietly. Halacha Brurah 61:9 explains that Shulchan Aruch means that quietly means that everyone says it loud enough that they can hear themselves and loud means that they said it loudly so everyone can hear. </ref> | ||
#One should read Kriyat Shema with the tune of Torah reading. Such is the Minhag of Sephardim and some Ashkenzim, however some Ashkenazim have the Minhag to not say it with the tune. However one should still pasue in the proper places not to mess up the meaning of the words. <ref>Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah 8b says that one must say Kriyat Shema with the Torah reading tune. This is also the opinion of the Tur and S”A 61:24. Rama adds that the Minhag Ashkenaz is not to say it with the tune but some are strict in this regard. </ref> | #One should read Kriyat Shema with the tune of Torah reading. Such is the Minhag of Sephardim and some Ashkenzim, however some Ashkenazim have the Minhag to not say it with the tune. However one should still pasue in the proper places not to mess up the meaning of the words. <ref>Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah 8b says that one must say Kriyat Shema with the Torah reading tune. This is also the opinion of the Tur and S”A 61:24. Rama adds that the Minhag Ashkenaz is not to say it with the tune but some are strict in this regard. </ref> | ||
#Ideally one should enunciate each letter clearly, but if one didn't, he nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 62:1. Mishna Brurah 62:2 writes that the reward for being careful in this is that gehenom will be cooled down for you. </ref> | #Ideally one should enunciate each letter clearly, but if one didn't, he nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 62:1. Mishna Brurah 62:2 writes that the reward for being careful in this is that gehenom will be cooled down for you. </ref> | ||
