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Shomea KeOneh: Difference between revisions

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==Brachot on Food==
==Brachot on Food==
# By all [[Brachot]] for food, either [[Bracha Rishona]] or [[Bracha Achrona]], one may not fulfill one’s obligation by listening to someone say the bracha unless that person is also going to eat or has eaten the proper Shuir. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:14 </ref>
# By all [[Brachot]] for food, either [[Bracha Rishona]] or [[Bracha Achrona]], one may not fulfill one’s obligation by listening to someone say the bracha unless that person is also going to eat or has eaten the proper Shuir. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:14 </ref> The notable exceptions to this are Hagefen for Kiddush and Hamotzei for matzah on the first night of Pesach; for those, it is permissible to fulfill someone else's obligation even if one isn't going to eat.<ref>S"A 167:20. Magen Avraham 167:41 explains that in general one can't fulfill someone else's obligation for a food bracha unless he is going to eat as well since the other person should just recite the bracha and if he doesn't know how to say it, he shouldn't eat. However, for Kiddush and matzah there's an obligation to eat.</ref>
===Bracha Rishona===
===Bracha Rishona===
# The original establishment of the rabbis was to make [[Bracha Rishona]] together (meaning, one person saying it out loud and everyone else fulfilling the obligation by listening) <Ref>S”A 213:1 </ref>
# The original establishment of the rabbis was to make [[Bracha Rishona]] together (meaning, one person saying it out loud and everyone else fulfilling the obligation by listening). <Ref>S”A 213:1 </ref>
# However, some say that the only [[Bracha Rishona]]’s that are said together are [[HaMotzei]] on bread and HaGafen on wine. <Ref>Rama 213:1. </ref>  
# Some poskim hold that we wouldn't employ Shomea K'oneh for a [[Bracha Rishona]] except for [[HaMotzei]] on bread and HaGafen on wine. <Ref>Rama 213:1</ref> Additionally, since people aren’t experts in having intent to fulfill the obligation of others and those listening having intent to fulfill one’s obligation, the minhag is that each person make the [[Bracha Rishona]] to themselves. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:12 </ref>
# The reason it’s preferable to say a Bracha together is based on the principle of BeRov Am Hadarat Melech, meaning that it’s more respectable to serve Hashem in numbers. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:3 </ref>  
# It is preferable to say a Bracha together and this is based on the principle of '''BeRov Am Hadarat Melech''', meaning, that it’s more respectable to serve Hashem in multitudes. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:3 </ref>  
# In order that one should fulfill the obligation of the other by saying [[Bracha Rishona]] together, everyone must sit together at the same table. <Ref>S”A 213:1 </ref> However, after the fact even those who didn’t eat at the same table can fulfill the obligation with someone else who is making the Bracha if the one making the Bracha has intent to fulfill the obligation of others and the one listening has intent to his obligation. <ref> Mishna Brurah 213:5 </ref>
# In order that one should fulfill someone else's obligation of a [[Bracha Rishona]] with Shomea K'oneh everyone must sit together at the same table. <Ref>S”A 213:1 </ref> However, after the fact even those who didn’t eat at the same table can fulfill the obligation with someone else who is making the Bracha if the one making the Bracha has intent to fulfill the obligation of others and the one listening has intent to his obligation. <ref> Mishna Brurah 213:5 </ref>
# However, since people aren’t experts in having intent to fulfill the obligation of others and those listening having intent to fulfill one’s obligation, the minhag is that each person make the [[Bracha Rishona]] to themselves. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:12 </ref>
# If someone heard a [[Bracha Rishona]] and had intent to fulfill his obligation through the agency of Shomea Keonah and then changes his mind and doesn’t want to eat he must eat something so that his listening and in turn his saying of the bracha shouldn’t be a [[Bracha Levatala]]. <Ref> Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 8:24 </ref>
# If someone heard a [[bracha Rishona]] as a Shomea Keonah and changes his mind and doesn’t want to eat he must have something so that his listening and in turn his saying of the bracha shouldn’t be a Bracha Levatala. <Ref> Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 8:24 </ref>
===Bracha Achrona===
===Bracha Achrona===
# The original establishment of the rabbis was that each person to make [[Bracha Achrona]] to oneself, except [[Birkat HaMazon]] which is supposed to said together (meaning, one person saying it out loud and everyone else fulfilling the obligation by listening). <Ref>S”A 213:1 </ref> Even part of the original enactment it was preferable that a person fulfill the obligation through listening (to someone else) if a person doesn’t know the text of the [[Bracha Achrona]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:9 </ref>
# The original establishment of the rabbis was that each person to make [[Bracha Achrona]] to oneself, except [[Birkat HaMazon]] which is supposed to said together (meaning, one person saying it out loud and everyone else fulfilling the obligation by listening). <Ref>S”A 213:1 </ref> Even part of the original enactment it was preferable that a person fulfill the obligation through listening (to someone else) if a person doesn’t know the text of the [[Bracha Achrona]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:9 </ref>