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===If One Isn't Currently Obligated===
===If One Isn't Currently Obligated===
# Someone who isn't obligated in Megillah that day can't fulfill the obligation of someone who is obligated that day.<ref>Yerushalmi 2:3 writes that someone from outside Yerushalayim can’t fulfill the obligation of someone who lives in Yerushalayim on the 15th. The gemara has a question about the opposite case. Tosfot Yevamot 14a s.v. ki holds that someone obligated one day can’t fulfill the obligation of someone obligated another day. Rosh Yevamot 1:9 and Ran 2b s.v. vyesh agree. However, Rashi Megillah 2a s.v. elah that someone from a city can read the megillah before the 14th for the small villages.</ref>
# Someone who isn't obligated in Megillah that day can't fulfill the obligation of someone who is obligated that day.<ref>Yerushalmi 2:3 writes that someone from outside Yerushalayim can’t fulfill the obligation of someone who lives in Yerushalayim on the 15th. The gemara has a question about the opposite case. Tosfot Yevamot 14a s.v. ki holds that someone obligated one day can’t fulfill the obligation of someone obligated another day. Rosh Yevamot 1:9 and Ran 2b s.v. vyesh agree. However, Rashi Megillah 2a s.v. elah that someone from a city can read the megillah before the 14th for the small villages.</ref>
# In an extenuating circumstance it is permitted to recite kiddush for someone who accepted Shabbat even though the one didn’t accept Shabbat and plans to do melacha afterwards. One may not use this leniency on a regular basis.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Minchat Shlomo 1:3 writes that it is permitted on a temporary basis for someone to recite kiddush for someone else who accepted Shabbat and for the one making kiddush not to accept Shabbat. He explains that Biblically one can fulfill his obligation even if one isn’t obligated in that mitzvah right now (relevant to someone who lives in Yerushalayim fulfilling the obligation of someone outside Yerushalayim on the 14th of Adar). Also, according to the Rambam it is sufficient to say Kiddush close to Shabbat even though it isn’t Shabbat right now. However, since Rabbi Akiva Eiger isn’t sure about it and there are reasons to question whether it is possible to say kiddush without accepting Shabbat, one shouldn’t rely on this leniency consistently or create a minhag with it.</ref>
# In an extenuating circumstance it is permitted to recite kiddush for someone who accepted Shabbat even though the one didn’t accept Shabbat and plans to do melacha afterwards. One may not use this leniency on a regular basis.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Minchat Shlomo 1:3 writes that it is permitted on a temporary basis for someone to recite kiddush for someone else who accepted Shabbat and for the one making kiddush not to accept Shabbat. He explains that Biblically one can fulfill his obligation even if one isn’t obligated in that mitzvah right now (relevant to someone who lives in Yerushalayim fulfilling the obligation of someone outside Yerushalayim on the 14th of Adar). Also, according to the Rambam it is sufficient to say Kiddush close to Shabbat even though it isn’t Shabbat right now. However, since Rabbi Akiva Eiger isn’t sure about it and there are reasons to question whether it is possible to say kiddush without accepting Shabbat, one shouldn’t rely on this leniency consistently or create a minhag with it. [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=74381 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Shemot 5779 min 43)] and Tzitz Eliezer 14:25 were lenient.</ref>
# Some held that if a person forgot to count the sefira one night it is permitted to recite the bracha for someone else who did count every night, but others disagree.<ref>Har Tzvi 2:75 quotes that the Bet Halevi once forgot to count sefirat haomer one night and when he was shaliach tzibur he asked someone to listen to his bracha with intent to fulfill his obligation. The Har Tzvi points out that the Knesset Hagedola and Pri Chadash Pri Chadash 489:8 argue that it is impossible for someone who didn’t count one night to fulfill the obligation of someone who counted every night since the one who forgot once is like he isn’t obligated in the mitzvah any more. They compare it to the case of someone who lives in Yerushalayim fulfilling the obligation of megillah for someone outside Yerushalayim on the 14th of Adar. Har Tzvi defends the Bet Halevi. Chashukei Chemed Niddah 73a is strict.</ref>
# Some held that if a person forgot to count the sefira one night it is permitted to recite the bracha for someone else who did count every night, but others disagree.<ref>Har Tzvi 2:75 quotes that the Bet Halevi once forgot to count sefirat haomer one night and when he was shaliach tzibur he asked someone to listen to his bracha with intent to fulfill his obligation. The Har Tzvi points out that the Knesset Hagedola and Pri Chadash Pri Chadash 489:8 argue that it is impossible for someone who didn’t count one night to fulfill the obligation of someone who counted every night since the one who forgot once is like he isn’t obligated in the mitzvah any more. They compare it to the case of someone who lives in Yerushalayim fulfilling the obligation of megillah for someone outside Yerushalayim on the 14th of Adar. Har Tzvi defends the Bet Halevi. Chashukei Chemed Niddah 73a is strict.</ref>
# See [[Yom Tov Sheni]] for an Israeli fulfilling the obligation of an American in Kiddush on the second day of Yom Tov.
# See [[Yom Tov Sheni]] for an Israeli fulfilling the obligation of an American in Kiddush on the second day of Yom Tov.