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Shomea KeOneh: Difference between revisions
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# The Yerushalmi (Brachot 3:3) establishes that for everything one can fulfill the obligation of someone else with the exception of Shemona Esrei, Shema, and Birkat Hamazon. | # The Yerushalmi (Brachot 3:3) establishes that for everything one can fulfill the obligation of someone else with the exception of Shemona Esrei, Shema, and Birkat Hamazon. | ||
# Someone who is obligated in a mitzvah can fulfill the obligation of someone else who is also obligated in that mitzvah. Someone who is exempt can't exempt someone who is obligated in the mitzvah.<Ref>Rosh Hashana 29a, Brachot 20b, Rambam Brachot 1:11</ref> | # Someone who is obligated in a mitzvah can fulfill the obligation of someone else who is also obligated in that mitzvah. Someone who is exempt can't exempt someone who is obligated in the mitzvah.<Ref>Rosh Hashana 29a, Brachot 20b, Rambam Brachot 1:11</ref> | ||
# Someone who is obligated in a mitzvah on a rabbinic level can't fulfill the obligation of someone who is obligated on a Biblical level.<ref>Brachot 20b. Rashi Brachot 48a s.v. ad writes that once a person is obligated in a mitzvah rabbinically he can fulfill the obligation of someone who is obligated Biblically. That point is disputed by the Bahag cited by Rashi, Tosfot 48a s.v. ad, Rosh Brachot 7:21, Rambam Brachot 1:11, Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 35b umha, and Rashba 48a s.v. yahavu. According to Tosfot, the fact that you need to eat in order to say Birkat Hamazon isn't a perfect example of something you need to be obligated in in order to fulfill others since Biblically you could say Birkat Hamazon without eating at all based on Yatzah Motzei.</ref> | # Someone who is obligated in a mitzvah on a rabbinic level can't fulfill the obligation of someone who is obligated on a Biblical level.<ref>Brachot 20b. Rashi Brachot 48a s.v. ad writes that once a person is obligated in a mitzvah rabbinically he can fulfill the obligation of someone who is obligated Biblically. That point is disputed by the Bahag cited by Rashi, Tosfot 48a s.v. ad, Rosh Brachot 7:21, Rambam Brachot 1:11, Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 35b umha, and Rashba 48a s.v. yahavu. According to Tosfot, the fact that you need to eat in order to say Birkat Hamazon isn't a perfect example of something you need to be obligated in in order to fulfill others since Biblically you could say Birkat Hamazon without eating at all based on Yatzah Motzei. However, the Mordechai (Megillah n. 798) implies that it is permitted to do so and his proof is that we recite Kiddush during Tosefet Shabbat and fulfill Kiddush for Shabbat Biblically.</ref> | ||
# Someone who is obligated in a rabbinic mitzvah on a rabbinic level can fulfill the obligation of someone who is completely obligated in that rabbinic mitzvah.<ref>Tosfot Megillah 19b writes that a child which is obligated in megillah on a rabbinic level can't fulfill the obligation of an adult in megillah which is only a rabbinic mitzvah because a double derabbanan can't fulfill the obligation of a single derabbanan. Rabbi Akiva Eiger Brachot 20b s.v. elah points out that a child who ate a kezayit can fulfill the obligation of an adult who ate a kezayit even though the child is a double derabbanan and the adult is a simple derabbanan since birkat hamazon is different and even if you didn't eat at all Biblically you can fulfill the obligation of others.</ref> | # Someone who is obligated in a rabbinic mitzvah on a rabbinic level can fulfill the obligation of someone who is completely obligated in that rabbinic mitzvah.<ref>Tosfot Megillah 19b writes that a child which is obligated in megillah on a rabbinic level can't fulfill the obligation of an adult in megillah which is only a rabbinic mitzvah because a double derabbanan can't fulfill the obligation of a single derabbanan. Rabbi Akiva Eiger Brachot 20b s.v. elah points out that a child who ate a kezayit can fulfill the obligation of an adult who ate a kezayit even though the child is a double derabbanan and the adult is a simple derabbanan since birkat hamazon is different and even if you didn't eat at all Biblically you can fulfill the obligation of others.</ref> | ||
# Some say that if everyone listening to the bracha knows how to recite the bracha themselves they shouldn't use yatzah motzei.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 273:4 writes that one should only say kiddush for others if they already fulfilled their obligation if the others don't know how to say kiddush. Pri Chadash 273:4 disagrees but adds that if those listening answer amen it works even according to Shulchan Aruch. Biur Halacha 273:4 s.v. vhu writes that it is purely a mitzvah that since the one listening knows how to say it and they are going to fulfill their obligation they should be the one to say it but certainly after the fact they fulfill their obligation.</ref> | # Some say that if everyone listening to the bracha knows how to recite the bracha themselves they shouldn't use yatzah motzei.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 273:4 writes that one should only say kiddush for others if they already fulfilled their obligation if the others don't know how to say kiddush. Pri Chadash 273:4 disagrees but adds that if those listening answer amen it works even according to Shulchan Aruch. Biur Halacha 273:4 s.v. vhu writes that it is purely a mitzvah that since the one listening knows how to say it and they are going to fulfill their obligation they should be the one to say it but certainly after the fact they fulfill their obligation.</ref> | ||
