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Shomea KeOneh: Difference between revisions
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==Brachot on Food== | ==Brachot on Food== | ||
# | # For all [[Brachot|brachot]] for food, either [[Bracha Rishona]] or [[Bracha Achrona]], one may not fulfill one’s obligation by listening to someone say the bracha unless that person is also going to eat or has eaten the proper Shuir. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:14 </ref> The notable exceptions to this are Hagefen for Kiddush and Hamotzei for matzah on the first night of Pesach; for those, it is permissible to fulfill someone else's obligation even if one is not going to eat.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 167:20. Magen Avraham 167:41 explains that in general one cannot fulfill someone else's obligation for a food bracha, unless one is going to eat as well, because unlike for matzah and Kiddush, there is no halachic obligation to eat.</ref> | ||
===Bracha Rishona=== | ===Bracha Rishona=== | ||
# The original establishment of the rabbis was to make [[Bracha Rishona]] together (meaning, one person saying it out loud and everyone else fulfilling the obligation by listening). <Ref> | # The original establishment of the rabbis was to make [[Bracha Rishona]] together (meaning, one person saying it out loud and everyone else fulfilling the obligation by listening). <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 213:1 </ref> | ||
# Some poskim hold that we | # Some poskim hold that we would not employ Shomea KeOneh for a [[Bracha Rishona]] except for [[HaMotzei]] on bread and HaGafen on wine. <Ref>Rama 213:1</ref> Additionally, since people are not experts in having intent to fulfill the obligation of others and those listening having intent to fulfill their own obligation, the minhag is that each person make the [[Bracha Rishona]] for themselves. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:12 </ref> | ||
# It is preferable to say a | # It is preferable to say a bracha together and this is based on the principle of ''BeRov Am Hadarat Melech'', meaning, that it is more respectable to serve Hashem in multitudes. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:3 </ref> | ||
# In order that one should fulfill someone else's obligation of a [[Bracha Rishona]] with Shomea | # In order that one should fulfill someone else's obligation of a [[Bracha Rishona]] with Shomea KeOneh everyone must sit together at the same table. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 213:1 </ref> However, after the fact even those who did not eat at the same table can fulfill the obligation by listening to someone else who is making the bracha if the one making the bracha has intent to fulfill the obligation of others and the one listening has intent to fulfill his own obligation by listening. <ref> Mishna Brurah 213:5 </ref> | ||
# If someone heard a [[Bracha Rishona]] and had intent to fulfill | # If someone heard a [[Bracha Rishona]] and had intent to fulfill one's obligation through the agency of Shomea Keonah, but then changes one's mind and does not want to eat, if he does not eat, he is considered to have made a [[Bracha Levatala]], therefore one should eat anyway. <Ref> Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 8:24 </ref> | ||
===Bracha Achrona=== | ===Bracha Achrona=== | ||
# The original establishment of the rabbis was | # The original establishment of the rabbis was for each person to make [[Bracha Achrona]] to themself, except [[Birkat HaMazon]] which is supposed to be said together (meaning, one person saying it out loud and everyone else fulfilling the obligation by listening). <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 213:1 </ref> Part of the original enactment of why it was preferable that a person fulfill the obligation through listening (to someone else), was for the case in which the person does not know the text of the [[Bracha Achrona]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:9 </ref> | ||
# Nowadays, since [[Bracha Achrona]] is disregarded and forgotten, | # Nowadays, since [[Bracha Achrona]] is often disregarded and forgotten, it is considered preferable that the [[Bracha Achrona]] be made out loud and everyone listenand fulfilltheir obligation that way. It is proper that everyone say the bracha along with the one saying it out loud word by word. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 213:9 </ref> | ||
# Nowadays, because | # Nowadays, because it is difficult to have proper intent for a long time the minhag is for each person to say [[Birkat HaMazon]] silently to oneself while the Mezamen reads it out loud. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 183:7 writes that it is proper that each person say [[Birkat HaMazon]] silently to oneself along with the bracha that the Mezamen is saying out loud. Mishna Brurah 187:27 adds that the original enactment was for everyone to listen to the Mezamen make [[Birkat HaMazon]] out loud, however, nowadays that it is difficult to have proper intent for that period of time, everyone should read along silently. </ref> | ||
# In order that one should fulfill the obligation of the other by saying [[Birkat HaMazon]] together, everyone must sit together at the same table. <Ref> | # In order that one should fulfill the obligation of the other by saying [[Birkat HaMazon]] together, everyone must sit together at the same table. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 213:1 </ref> However, after the fact even those who did not eat at the same table can fulfill the obligation together (meaning, one person saying it out loud and everyone else fulfilling the obligation by listening). <ref> Mishna Brurah 213:5 </ref> | ||
==Brachot on Mitzvot== | ==Brachot on Mitzvot== | ||
