Talmud Bavli and Yerushalmi, Tosefta, Midrashim, and Zohar: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "= Talmud Bavli = # Regarding intra-Talmudic Halachic decision making (Klalei HaShas), see Klalei HaTalmud (Talmudic Methodology). # "Sugya veDuchteh Adifah" - The...")
 
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= Sefarim HaChitzonim (Masechet Semachot, Sofrim, and others) =
= Sefarim HaChitzonim (Masechet Semachot, Sofrim, and others) =
# Tosafot in a number of places writes how with respect to some Halachot, they follow Sefarim Chitzonim, such as Masechet Semachot and Masechet Sofrim, which were compiled later on, against the Talmud. They're called Chitzonim, according to the Bach<ref>Bach Yoreh De'ah 178:2</ref> because they are external to the Gemara, or, according to the Chidah, because they're even further removed from the Baraitot, which are already "outside," as their name suggests.<ref>Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Sefarim HaChitzonim"</ref> Some say the Girsaot are also enigmatic.<ref>There's a debate if the Gemara quoting Baraitot that appear in Masechet Sofrim means the Gemara is quoting from Masechet Soferim or the other way around. Some say these Sefarim have no actual derashot, just asmachtot. Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 12) See Matnat Yado ad loc at length. See Ein Zocher (Samech 31), Birkei Yosef (Orach Chaim 581:7), Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Soferim," Sdei Chemed Klalei HaPoskim 2:3.</ref>
# Tosafot in a number of places writes how with respect to some Halachot, they follow Sefarim Chitzonim, such as Masechet Semachot and Masechet Sofrim, which were compiled later on, against the Talmud. They're called Chitzonim, according to the Bach<ref>Bach Yoreh De'ah 178:2</ref> because they are external to the Gemara, or, according to the Chidah, because they're even further removed from the Baraitot, which are already "outside," as their name suggests.<ref>Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Sefarim HaChitzonim"</ref> Some say the Girsaot are also enigmatic.<ref>There's a debate if the Gemara quoting Baraitot that appear in Masechet Sofrim means the Gemara is quoting from Masechet Soferim or the other way around. Some say these Sefarim have no actual derashot, just asmachtot. Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 12) See Matnat Yado ad loc at length. See Ein Zocher (Samech 31), Birkei Yosef (Orach Chaim 581:7), Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Soferim," Sdei Chemed Klalei HaPoskim 2:3.</ref>
==Sources==
=Sources=
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[[Category:Klalim]]
[[Category:Klalim]]

Revision as of 16:19, 6 May 2018

Talmud Bavli

  1. Regarding intra-Talmudic Halachic decision making (Klalei HaShas), see Klalei HaTalmud (Talmudic Methodology).
  2. "Sugya veDuchteh Adifah" - The Amoraim focused most on the precise presentation of the Halacha when discussing it in its proper context. When discussing tangential points, the they were not as careful to speak with complete precision satisfactory for inferring the Halacha from.[1]

Differences Between the Yerushalmi and Bavli

  1. Since the Talmud Bavli was written after the Talmud Yerushalmi, its codifiers were able to filter out the points they didn't think were accepted. As such, when the two contradict, we follow the Talmud Bavli, and some say we should never even be concerned for the Yerushalmi's statements altogether for this reason.[2]
  2. The Halacha follows the Bavli over the Yerushalmi wherever they disagree, but, if the Yerushalmi discusses a Halacha not mentioned in the Bavli, the Halacha follows the Yerushalmi. If it's a distinction not mentioned in the Bavli, then there's a strong argument to say the Bavli's omission is an indication of disagreement.[3]
  3. The Rosh[4] writes how we only follow the Bavli over the Yerushalmi with respect to Halachot, such as Tuma veTaharah, Issur veHetter, Chiyuv and Pettur, but not things that are Tzorech Hashaah and have no ramifications on Dinei HaTorah. Those are subjective to the time, place, and needs of the people. Similarly, the Rashbesh [5] says that with respect to Minhagim, we would follow the Yerushalmi.[6]
  4. If two approaches are offered in the Bavli and only one of them appears in the Yerushalmi, the Halacha follows that approach.[7]
  5. The Rishonim observe that the Yerushalmi in our possession is corrupt and enigmatic. At most, one person in a generation can crack its meaning.[8] If a Baraita is quoted slightly differently in the Bavli from the way it's quoted in the Yerushalmi, the Ohr HaChaim claims one can accept the Yerushalmi's version and label the Baraita in the Bavli as Meshabeshta (corrupt). The Yad Malachi takes issue with this approach, in light of the general issue of textual obstacles in reading the Yerushalmi and the Tashbetz's claim that said even the girsa of the Yerushalmi is unreliable, not just the Halachot.[9]
  6. Given a Machaloket in the Bavli and a "Maaseh Rav" (anecdote about a Talmudic figure) in the Yerushalmi that takes a side, the Halacha follows the side expressed by the Maaseh Rav in the Yerushalmi.[10]
  7. The Poskim often try to harmonize the Bavli and Yerushalmi as much as possible.[11]
  8. Sometimes, when referring to topics in different locations, the Yerushalmi mixes up "here" and "there," because the topic appears more than once and the same text was copied/repeated completely from one location to the other without adjustment.[12]

Differences Between Other Sefarim

  1. When the Talmud and Zohar contradict, the Radbaz[13] is well known for positing that one should follow the Talmud and Poskim.[14]
  2. When faced with a contradiction between the Yerushalmi and the Tosefta, the Rambam generally sides with the Yerushalmi. The Kessef Mishneh (Hilchot Maaser Sheni 1:10) explains that the authenticity of our set of Toseftas is questionable: they may not be the same Toseftas compiled by Rav Chiya and Rav Oshiya.[15] The Peri Chadash[16] adds that it's based on the Yerushalmi's later date of redaction. The Radbaz thinks the Rif takes the side of the Tosefta in such instances, while the Sdei Chemed and Korban Netanel[17] think not so.[18]
  3. As we would follow the Yerushalmi against the silence of the Bavli, if there is a contradiction between a Midrash Rabbah and Yerushalmi, the Halacha follows the Yerushalmi over the Midrash.[19]

Sefarim HaChitzonim (Masechet Semachot, Sofrim, and others)

  1. Tosafot in a number of places writes how with respect to some Halachot, they follow Sefarim Chitzonim, such as Masechet Semachot and Masechet Sofrim, which were compiled later on, against the Talmud. They're called Chitzonim, according to the Bach[20] because they are external to the Gemara, or, according to the Chidah, because they're even further removed from the Baraitot, which are already "outside," as their name suggests.[21] Some say the Girsaot are also enigmatic.[22]

Sources

  1. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 13)
  2. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 1). See Maharatz Chayut Taanit 16a, Darkei Horaah vol. 2, Imrei Binah Siman 2 in the Hagah, Pachad Yitzchak "Gemara Bavlit"
  3. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 4). The Beit Yosef's position on this matter needs further elaboration.
  4. ↑ Shu"t HaRosh 4:10
  5. ↑ Shu"t HaRashbesh Siman 251
  6. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 5)
  7. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 8)
  8. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 6)
  9. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 7). See footnote 35 who writes that the Ohr HaChaim meant his statement only when there's no discussion of the Baraita in the Bavli. See Maharatz Chayut in Tiferet LeMoshe Chapter 3 and Sukkah 41b.
  10. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 9)
  11. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 10)
  12. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 11)
  13. ↑ Shu"t HaRadbaz Siman 1111
  14. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 1), See Kenesset HaGedolah (Klalei HaPoskim 1), see Radbaz (Siman 1151), Chacham Tzvi vol. 1 Siman 36, Magen Avraham 25:20, Shaarei Teshuvah Orach Chaim 25:14, Shulchan Aruch HaRav Orach Chaim 25:28, Kaf HaChaim (Orach Chaim 25:75), Sdei Chemed (Klalei HaPoskim 2:12), Shu"t Afarseka deAnya 2:101, Keter Rosh at the end Siman 15, Mishnah Berurah 3:11, Yabia Omer (vol. 2 Orach Chaim 25:12), Tzitz Eliezer (vol. 21 Siman 5), Gevurat HaAri (R' Yaakov Hillel), Kuntress Yirat HaHoraah by Rav Reuven Yissachar Nissan (page 95, printed in the back of the new Mekavtziel of the Ben Ish Chai)
  15. ↑ For more on the authenticity of our Toseftas, see Kessef Mishneh (Hilchot Teshuvah 4:1), Berit Olam on Sefer Chassidim Siman 19, Mishnat Rabbi Yaakov (Introduction to the Tosefta, 7:3, page 20), and Klalei HaGemara (Sha'ar 1 Perek 1 Ot 2).
  16. ↑ Pri Chadash Orach Chaim Siman 450
  17. ↑ Korban Netanel (Klalim 18)
  18. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 3)
  19. ↑ Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 14)
  20. ↑ Bach Yoreh De'ah 178:2
  21. ↑ Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Sefarim HaChitzonim"
  22. ↑ There's a debate if the Gemara quoting Baraitot that appear in Masechet Sofrim means the Gemara is quoting from Masechet Soferim or the other way around. Some say these Sefarim have no actual derashot, just asmachtot. Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 12) See Matnat Yado ad loc at length. See Ein Zocher (Samech 31), Birkei Yosef (Orach Chaim 581:7), Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Soferim," Sdei Chemed Klalei HaPoskim 2:3.
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