Tikkun Chatzot: Difference between revisions
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Pious individuals recite [[Tikkun Chatzot]] which are said slightly before [[Chatzot]] (midnight) out of mourning for the Beit HaMikdash. | |||
==The obligation== | ==The obligation== | ||
# In order to feel pain over the destruction of the Bet HaMikdash, every night slightly before [[Chatzot]], one should | # In order to feel pain over the destruction of the Bet HaMikdash, every night slightly before [[Chatzot]], one should recite [[Tikkun Chatzot]].<Ref>Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 1:3 writes that it is proper for a God fearing person to be pained and agonize over the destruction of the Bet Hamikdash. Mishna Brurah 1:9 writes that the Mekubalim emphasized the great importance of [[waking up]] at [[chatzot]] to say the Seder of Tefillot organized by the Arizal, printed in the siddurim. </ref> Although, the Minhag is not to require [[Tikkun Chatzot]] and some Achronim justify the minhag, nonetheless, it’s praiseworthy to say it from time to time. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 1:10. Yavetz in Mor UKesiah ([[Siman 1]]) writes that the obligation only applies to Torah scholars and in [[Israel]]. The Chida in Machzik Bracha 1:3 argues that it applies to all people in all places. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 1:5 writes that it’s good to say Tikkun [[Chatzot]] if a person is able to wake up at [[Chatzot]] and say Tikkun Chatzot. Eshel Avraham 1:2 writes emphatically that there's no reason at all to critique someone who doesn't say tikkun chatzot because he is sleeping at that time. If a person sleeps a normal amount of time to stay healthy that is a grounds to exempt him from tikkun chatzot. However, if a person is up, then he should say or think about some of the pesukim about the churban. Orchot Maran (v. 1 p. 4) writes that Rav Ovadia Yosef didn't say Tikkun Chatzot, because he was involved in learning Torah at that time and it would have caused a great interruption for his concentration to say Tikkun Chatzot. However, he would advise those who weren't established in learning to say Tikkun Chatzot. Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul (Or LeTzion 2:4:8) is quoted as recommending it for everybody.</ref> | ||
# Women may say Tikkun [[Chatzot]]. <ref> Sh"t Rav | # Women may say Tikkun [[Chatzot]]. <ref>Rav Yosef Chaim, in Sh"t Rav Pe'alim 1:9 (Sod Yesharim) Ben Ish Chai (Vayishlach 6), writes that women shouldn't say Tikkun [[Chatzot]]. However, Kaf HaChaim 1:15, Halichot Olam 1 pg 48, and Halacha Brurah 7 write that women are allowed to say Tikkun [[Chatzot]]. Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 173) rules like the Kaf HaChaim but writes that the minhag is that women don't say Tikkun [[Chatzot]]. </ref> | ||
==When it should be said== | ==When it should be said== | ||
# Ashkenazim hold that it should be said right before [[Chatzot]] (midnight) and then one should learn from [[Chatzot]] until morning when one can pray. <ref> Mikdash Melech on Zohar (Vayahakel 195c) writes the Tikkun [[Chatzot]] can be said from the second section of the night which is 2 hours ([[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[Chatzot]]. Shulchan Aruch HaRav rules like that. Similarly, Yeshuot Yacov 1 writes that [[Chatzot]] should be said a little before [[Chatzot]]. So rule the Malbim in Arsot HaChaim 1:31 and Mishna Brurah 1:9. See also Shulchan Aruch 1:2 who writes one should wake up to pray to Hashem specifically at the end of the first third, the second third, or at the end of the night because [[prayer]] is especially accepted at those times.</ref> However, Sephardim hold that it should be said at [[Chatzot]] of night or afterwards until [[Olot HaShachar]]. <ref> Sh"t Yachave Daat 1:46 pg 135 based on the Zohar (Chaye Sara pg 132b) and Arizal (Shaar Kavanot pg 52d) that one should not say Tikkun [[Chatzot]] before [[Chatzot]]. This is also the opinion of Aruch HaShulchan 1:21, Birkei Yosef 1:6, Ben Ish Chai (Vishlach 4), Yalkut Yosef (5764 edition, vol 1, pg 165), and Halacha Brurah 1:5 </ref> | # Ashkenazim hold that it should be said right before [[Chatzot]] (midnight) and then one should learn from [[Chatzot]] until morning when one can pray. <ref> Mikdash Melech on Zohar (Vayahakel 195c) writes the Tikkun [[Chatzot]] can be said from the second section of the night which is 2 hours ([[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[Chatzot]]. Shulchan Aruch HaRav rules like that. Similarly, Yeshuot Yacov 1 writes that [[Chatzot]] should be said a little before [[Chatzot]]. So rule the Malbim in Arsot HaChaim 1:31 and Mishna Brurah 1:9. See also Shulchan Aruch 1:2 who writes one should wake up to pray to Hashem specifically at the end of the first third, the second third, or at the end of the night because [[prayer]] is especially accepted at those times.</ref> However, Sephardim hold that it should be said at [[Chatzot]] of night or afterwards until [[Olot HaShachar]]. <ref> Sh"t Yachave Daat 1:46 pg 135 based on the Zohar (Chaye Sara pg 132b) and Arizal (Shaar Kavanot pg 52d) that one should not say Tikkun [[Chatzot]] before [[Chatzot]]. This is also the opinion of Aruch HaShulchan 1:21, Birkei Yosef 1:6, Ben Ish Chai (Vishlach 4), Yalkut Yosef (5764 edition, vol 1, pg 165), and Halacha Brurah 1:5 </ref> | ||
# Tikkun [[Chatzot]] should be said before [[Olot HaShachar]]. However, many poskim say that one may say Tikkun Leah after [[Olot HaShachar]]. <ref> Kitzur | # Tikkun [[Chatzot]] should be said before [[Olot HaShachar]]. However, many poskim say that one may say Tikkun Leah after [[Olot HaShachar]]. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 1:5 writes that if a person can’t wake up at [[Chatzot]] a person should wake up before Alot Hashachar. Igret Rramaz 11 writes that one should say it before [[Olot HaShachar]] and in a Shat HaDachak one can say it after Olot. This is brought down by the Shaarei Teshuva 1:6. However, Sh"t Lev Chaim writes that one can say it until the time to put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]]. Ben Ish Chai Vayishlach 8 argues on this based on the language of the Arizal that one shouldn't say it after Olot. Nonetheless, Zichronot Eliyahu 400:17 and Nemukei Orach Chaim (quoted in Maasef LeKol HaMachanot 1:29) say that one can lenient regarding Tikkun Leah. This is also the opinion of Rav Ovadyah in Halichot Olam 1 pg 49, and Halacha Brurah 1:6. </ref> | ||
# During the three weeks (Ben HaMetzarim), Tikkun [[Chatzot]] should be said after [[Chatzot]] of the day. <ref> Kaf HaChaim 551:222. Hinted to in Mishna Brurah 551:103, see Piskei Teshuvot there. </ref> | # During the three weeks (Ben HaMetzarim), Tikkun [[Chatzot]] should be said after [[Chatzot]] of the day. <ref> Kaf HaChaim 551:222. Hinted to in Mishna Brurah 551:103, see Piskei Teshuvot there. </ref> | ||
