Tisha BeAv: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Destruction_temple.jpg|200px|right]]
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The fast of Tisha B’av is to commemorate five tragedies which occurred to the Jewish nation: 1. The Jews of the desert were told that they would not enter Eretz Yisrael following the sin of the spies. 2 The first Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 3. The second Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 4. Beitar, a city filled with over 10,000 Jews was captured and destroyed by the Romans during the Bar Kochva rebellion. 5. Turnus Rufus plowed the area of the heichal. <ref> Mishna Taanit 26b, Rambam Hilchot Taaniyot 5:3, Chayei Adam 133:5,  Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 121:5, Mishna Berura 549:2 </ref> This article is specifically about the fast of the ninth of Av. To learn about any of the other fast days [[Fast Days|click here]].
The fast of Tisha B’av is to commemorate five tragedies which occurred to the Jewish nation: 1. The Jews of the desert were told that they would not enter Eretz Yisrael following the sin of the spies. 2 The first Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 3. The second Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 4. Beitar, a city filled with over 10,000 Jews was captured and destroyed by the Romans during the Bar Kochva rebellion. 5. Turnus Rufus plowed the area of the heichal. <ref> Mishna Taanit 26b, Rambam Hilchot Taaniyot 5:3, Chayei Adam 133:5,  Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 121:5, Mishna Berura 549:2 </ref> This article is specifically about the fast of the ninth of Av. To learn about any of the other fast days [[Fast Days|click here]].
==People who are permitted to eat==
# Some poskim say that if one is exempt from fasting on Tisha B'av, he need not eat in increments. <ref> Sh”t Maharam Shick 289 says that just like on Yom Kippur we say that if it will not increase the danger by eating in small increments (S”A 618:7), the same applies to Tisha B’av. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Nishmat Avraham 4 554:1), Shevet Halevi 4:46, and Tzitz Eliezer 10:25:16 disagree and say this isn’t necessary for Tisha B’av. </ref> However, one should not overindulge. <ref> S:A 554:5, Haghot Maimaniot Hilchot Taaniyot 1:8 </ref>
==Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv==
==Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv==
# Some Ashkenazim have the minhag not to learn after midday on Erev Tisha BeAv (except for the things which one can learn on Tisha BeAv itself), while others allow learning all day. <Ref>Rama 553:2, Mishna Brurah 553:8 </ref> For Sephardim, it is permissible to learn the entire say of Erev Tisha BeAv. <Ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 248) </ref>
# Some Ashkenazim have the minhag not to learn after mid-day on Erev Tisha BeAv (except for the things which one can learn on Tisha BeAv itself), while others allow learning all day. <Ref>Rama 553:2, Mishna Brurah 553:8 </ref> For Sephardim, it is permissible to learn the entire say of Erev Tisha BeAv. <Ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 248) </ref>
==What one may learn on Tisha BeAv==
==What one may learn on Tisha BeAv==
# One should not learn Torah on Tisha BeAv whether it’s Tanach, Midrash, Mishna, Gemara, Halacha, or Aggadata because Torah brings happiness to a person. <Ref>S”A 554:1-2 </ref>
# One should not learn Torah on Tisha BeAv whether it’s Tanach, Midrash, Mishna, Gemara, Halacha, or Aggadata because Torah brings happiness to a person. <Ref>S”A 554:1-2 </ref>
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# Even in the areas one is permitted to learn one should not learn in a deep analytical way. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4 </ref>
# Even in the areas one is permitted to learn one should not learn in a deep analytical way. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4 </ref>
# One may not even think of how to answer a serious difficulty in learning because one will feel satisfied when the matter is settled. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4 </ref>
# One may not even think of how to answer a serious difficulty in learning because one will feel satisfied when the matter is settled. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4 </ref>
==Eicha==
# Women are required to read the megilla of eicha as well. <ref> Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:250 says that since women are obligated in all other halachot of mourning on tisha b'av, they are also obligated halachos of aveilus of Tisha B'Av, they are also required to hear Eicha. He says that if they cannot make it to shul, they made read it on the floor in their own homes. </ref>
==Aneinu==
# According to Sephardim, one recites aneinu at night on tisha b’av. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 536 </ref>
==Wearing Leather==
# It is prohibited to wear leather shoes on Tisha B'av. <ref> S"A 554:1 and 554:16. Kitzur S"A 124:11, Aruch Hashulchan 554:16, Mishna Berura 554:30 say that although shoes made of other materials cover and protect the feet, they are not called a "minal" and therefore aren't part of the prohibition. </ref>
# Some poskim permit wearing crocs, while others prohibit them. <ref> [http://www.ravaviner.com/2009/07/crocs-on-tisha-be-av.html Rav shlomo aviner] says that since crocs are comfortable shoes even though they aren’t leather some, it is better not to wear them, but whoever does has on who to rely. http://matzav.com/rav-elyashiv-crocs-not-permitted-footwear-on-tisha-bav quotes that this is the ruling of Rav Moshe Shternbuch, Rav Nissim Karelitz as well. However, it also quotes Rav Elyashiv that it Is prohibited to wear them. </ref>
==Mourning practices on the tenth of Av==
==Mourning practices on the tenth of Av==
# According to Ashkenazim one may eat meat, launder clothing, bathe, take haircuts until midday of the tenth of Av. <ref> Rama 558:1, Mishna Brurah 558:3 </ref> According to Sephardim one may not eat meat until sunset of the tenth of Av. <ref>S"A 558:1, Kaf HaChaim 558:10 </ref>
# According to Ashkenazim one may eat meat, launder clothing, bathe, take haircuts until midday of the tenth of Av. <ref> Rama 558:1, Mishna Brurah 558:3 </ref> According to Sephardim one may not eat meat until sunset of the tenth of Av. <ref>S"A 558:1, Kaf HaChaim 558:10 </ref>
==Fasting==
==Fasting==
# It is forbidden for all men of bar mitzvah age and women of at mitzvah age to partake in eating or drinking on the Tisha BeAv.  The fast begins at shkiat hachamah of the 8th of Av and ends at Tzet Hakochavim of the 9th of Av. <ref>Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series </ref>
# It is forbidden for all men of bar mitzvah age and women of bat mitzvah age to partake in eating or drinking on the Tisha BeAv.  The fast begins at shkiat hachamah of the 8th of Av and ends at Tzet Hakochavim of the 9th of Av. <ref>Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series, Mishna Berura 554:1. </ref>
# It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a Reviit  of water. <ref>Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series </ref>
# It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a Reviit  of water. <ref> Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series </ref>
==Other Halachot==
# Although leather is not worn, the custom is to say the beracha in birkot hashachar of "sheasa li ko tzorki." <ref> Mishna Berura 554:31, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=951 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref>  
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

Revision as of 02:53, 18 July 2012

Destruction temple.jpg

The fast of Tisha B’av is to commemorate five tragedies which occurred to the Jewish nation: 1. The Jews of the desert were told that they would not enter Eretz Yisrael following the sin of the spies. 2 The first Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 3. The second Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 4. Beitar, a city filled with over 10,000 Jews was captured and destroyed by the Romans during the Bar Kochva rebellion. 5. Turnus Rufus plowed the area of the heichal. [1] This article is specifically about the fast of the ninth of Av. To learn about any of the other fast days click here.

People who are permitted to eat

  1. Some poskim say that if one is exempt from fasting on Tisha B'av, he need not eat in increments. [2] However, one should not overindulge. [3]

Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv

  1. Some Ashkenazim have the minhag not to learn after mid-day on Erev Tisha BeAv (except for the things which one can learn on Tisha BeAv itself), while others allow learning all day. [4] For Sephardim, it is permissible to learn the entire say of Erev Tisha BeAv. [5]

What one may learn on Tisha BeAv

  1. One should not learn Torah on Tisha BeAv whether it’s Tanach, Midrash, Mishna, Gemara, Halacha, or Aggadata because Torah brings happiness to a person. [6]
  2. However, it is permissible to read Iyov, an explanation of Iyov, the sad parts of Yirmiyahu (prophesy about destruction and rebuke but not consolation or about destruction of the other nations), Midrash Eicha, an explanation of Eicha, the Gemara in the third perek of Moed Katan (which deals with the laws of mourning, excluding the happy parts), [7] the Gemara in Gittin and Sanhedrin which deal with the destruction of the Bet HaMikdash. [8]
  3. When learning the laws of mourning one may not go into the depth of halacha (with questions and answers). [9]
  4. Even in the areas one is permitted to learn one should not learn in a deep analytical way. [10]
  5. One may not even think of how to answer a serious difficulty in learning because one will feel satisfied when the matter is settled. [11]

Eicha

  1. Women are required to read the megilla of eicha as well. [12]

Aneinu

  1. According to Sephardim, one recites aneinu at night on tisha b’av. [13]

Wearing Leather

  1. It is prohibited to wear leather shoes on Tisha B'av. [14]
  2. Some poskim permit wearing crocs, while others prohibit them. [15]

Mourning practices on the tenth of Av

  1. According to Ashkenazim one may eat meat, launder clothing, bathe, take haircuts until midday of the tenth of Av. [16] According to Sephardim one may not eat meat until sunset of the tenth of Av. [17]

Fasting

  1. It is forbidden for all men of bar mitzvah age and women of bat mitzvah age to partake in eating or drinking on the Tisha BeAv. The fast begins at shkiat hachamah of the 8th of Av and ends at Tzet Hakochavim of the 9th of Av. [18]
  2. It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a Reviit of water. [19]

Other Halachot

  1. Although leather is not worn, the custom is to say the beracha in birkot hashachar of "sheasa li ko tzorki." [20]

References

  1. ↑ Mishna Taanit 26b, Rambam Hilchot Taaniyot 5:3, Chayei Adam 133:5, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 121:5, Mishna Berura 549:2
  2. ↑ Sh”t Maharam Shick 289 says that just like on Yom Kippur we say that if it will not increase the danger by eating in small increments (S”A 618:7), the same applies to Tisha B’av. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Nishmat Avraham 4 554:1), Shevet Halevi 4:46, and Tzitz Eliezer 10:25:16 disagree and say this isn’t necessary for Tisha B’av.
  3. ↑ S:A 554:5, Haghot Maimaniot Hilchot Taaniyot 1:8
  4. ↑ Rama 553:2, Mishna Brurah 553:8
  5. ↑ Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 248)
  6. ↑ S”A 554:1-2
  7. ↑ S”A 554:1-2, Mishna Brurah 554:2
  8. ↑ Mishna Brurah 554:3
  9. ↑ Mishna Brurah 554:4
  10. ↑ Mishna Brurah 554:4
  11. ↑ Mishna Brurah 554:4
  12. ↑ Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:250 says that since women are obligated in all other halachot of mourning on tisha b'av, they are also obligated halachos of aveilus of Tisha B'Av, they are also required to hear Eicha. He says that if they cannot make it to shul, they made read it on the floor in their own homes.
  13. ↑ Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 536
  14. ↑ S"A 554:1 and 554:16. Kitzur S"A 124:11, Aruch Hashulchan 554:16, Mishna Berura 554:30 say that although shoes made of other materials cover and protect the feet, they are not called a "minal" and therefore aren't part of the prohibition.
  15. ↑ Rav shlomo aviner says that since crocs are comfortable shoes even though they aren’t leather some, it is better not to wear them, but whoever does has on who to rely. http://matzav.com/rav-elyashiv-crocs-not-permitted-footwear-on-tisha-bav quotes that this is the ruling of Rav Moshe Shternbuch, Rav Nissim Karelitz as well. However, it also quotes Rav Elyashiv that it Is prohibited to wear them.
  16. ↑ Rama 558:1, Mishna Brurah 558:3
  17. ↑ S"A 558:1, Kaf HaChaim 558:10
  18. ↑ Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series, Mishna Berura 554:1.
  19. ↑ Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series
  20. ↑ Mishna Berura 554:31, Rabbi Eli Mansour
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