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Tochen: Difference between revisions

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==Definition==
==Definition==
# There is a biblical violation of grinding when grinding wheat, barley, spices, spices, and the like. Similarly, it’s biblically forbidden to saw wood for the sawdust. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377) </ref>
# The prohibition of Tochen (grinding) includes cutting whole objects into small pieces, crushing, mashing, or the like. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 </ref>
# The prohibition of Tochen (grinding) includes cutting whole objects into small pieces, crushing, mashing, or the like. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 </ref>
# Tochen also applies to non-foods for example it's forbidden to crush a clod of dirt, shave splinters off a piece of wood, sawing wood with intent for the dust. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 in the note </ref>
# Tochen also applies to non-foods for example it's forbidden to crush a clod of dirt, shave splinters off a piece of wood, sawing wood with intent for the dust. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 in the note, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377) </ref>
==Appliances==
==Appliances==
# Any tool which is designated for crushing or the like such as a mortar or a knife used only for dicing may not be used in any manner even if it doesn't involve any prohibition of Tochen. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:2 </ref>
# Any tool which is designated for crushing or the like such as a mortar or a knife used only for dicing may not be used in any manner even if it doesn't involve any prohibition of Tochen. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:2 </ref>
# One may use an egg slicer (row of metal strings which slice an egg when pressed) but one should not use an onion slicer (a machine which is made of a set of knifes that surrounds the onion and dices it). <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3 [I'm not extirely clear about what an onion slicer is.] </ref>
# One may use an egg slicer (row of metal strings which slice an egg when pressed) but one should not use an onion slicer (a machine which is made of a set of knifes that surrounds the onion and dices it). <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3 [I'm not extirely clear about what an onion slicer is.] </ref>
# One may cut bread in a machine (manual, non-electric) which cuts slices of bread. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 (note) </ref>
# One may cut bread in a machine (manual, non-electric) which cuts slices of bread. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 (note) </ref>
# It’s forbidden to grind coffee beans it a grinder meant for it. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377) </ref>
# It’s permissible to cut vegetables on a cutting board even if it makes line in the board. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 389) </ref>
# It’s permissible to use a peeler to peel vegetables on Shabbat. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 391) </ref>
==Raw fruit or vegetables==
==Raw fruit or vegetables==
# Raw fruits or vegetables may not be crushed or cut finely but only may be cut in slightly large pieces. One should also be careful to only cut it into large pieces right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# Raw fruits or vegetables may not be crushed or cut finely but only may be cut in slightly large pieces. One should also be careful to only cut it into large pieces right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# According to Sephardim, it is permissible to cut up vegetables for a salad even into small pieces only if one is going to eat it right away. It is also considered right away if one makes the salad right before beginning the meal in which it will be eaten. Nonetheless, the one who cuts up the vegetables for the salad into big pieces will be blessed.  <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 382) </ref>
# If one made a salad for one meal and there was left over one is allowed to eat it in another meal. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 389) </ref>
# For a child or someone who can't eat large pieces there is what to rely on to cut it up into small pieces as long as one does so right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# For a child or someone who can't eat large pieces there is what to rely on to cut it up into small pieces as long as one does so right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# It's forbidden to crush a banana or avocado unless it's already so soft that when one pulls a part of the fruit, that part separates from the rest of the fruit. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:7 </ref>
# It's forbidden to crush a banana or avocado unless it's already so soft that when one pulls a part of the fruit, that part separates from the rest of the fruit. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:7 </ref>
# One may not crush a banana or tomato even if afterwards it while remain a cohesive mush. For someone whom it is hard to eat such food it is permissible as one does a Shinui (change) by using a spoon or the back of the fork and not the prongs of the fork which are usually used during the week. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:8 </ref>
# One may not crush a banana or tomato even if afterwards it while remain a cohesive mush. For someone whom it is hard to eat such food it is permissible as one does a Shinui (change) by using a spoon or the back of the fork and not the prongs of the fork which are usually used during the week. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:8 </ref>
==Cooked fruit or vegetables==
==Cooked fruit or vegetables==
# Fruits or vegetables which were cooked to the point that it's easy to crush may be crushed on Shabbat. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:9 </ref>
# Fruits or vegetables which were cooked to the point that it's easy to crush may be crushed on Shabbat. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:9 </ref>
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==Foods which don't grow from the ground==
==Foods which don't grow from the ground==
# Foods which don't grow from the ground such as cooked eggs, meat, or fish may be crushed on Shabbat (not using a utensil designated for crushing) if one plans on eating it that Shabbat. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:14 </ref>
# Foods which don't grow from the ground such as cooked eggs, meat, or fish may be crushed on Shabbat (not using a utensil designated for crushing) if one plans on eating it that Shabbat. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:14, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 391) </ref>
# If mud got on one’s shirt one may rub it off from the inside of the shirt, meaning that one may hold the inside of the clothing and rub two sides of the clothing together, however, one may not scratch it off from the outside. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 391) explains that there’s no issue of grinding because the mud was previously ground. </ref>
==References==
==References==
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