Tochen: Difference between revisions

From Halachipedia
m (Text replace - "Shabbat" to "Shabbat")
m (Text replace - "Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata " to "Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata ")
Line 1: Line 1:
==Definition==
==Definition==
# There is a biblical violation of grinding when grinding wheat, barley, spices, spices, and the like. Similarly, it’s biblically forbidden to saw wood for the sawdust. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 377) </ref>
# There is a biblical violation of grinding when grinding wheat, barley, spices, spices, and the like. Similarly, it’s biblically forbidden to saw wood for the sawdust. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 377) </ref>
# The prohibition of Tochen (grinding) includes chopping, grating, crushing, mashing, shredding, or breaking something into small pieces. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:1 </ref>
# The prohibition of Tochen (grinding) includes chopping, grating, crushing, mashing, shredding, or breaking something into small pieces. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 </ref>
# Tochen also applies to non-foods for example it's forbidden to crush a clod of dirt, shave splinters off a piece of wood, sawing wood with intent for the dust. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:1 in the note, Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 377) </ref>
# Tochen also applies to non-foods for example it's forbidden to crush a clod of dirt, shave splinters off a piece of wood, sawing wood with intent for the dust. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 in the note, Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 377) </ref>
==Utensils designed for grinding==
==Utensils designed for grinding==
# Any tool which is designated for crushing or the like such as a mortar or a knife used only for dicing may not be used in any manner even if it doesn't involve any prohibition of Tochen. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:2 </ref>
# Any tool which is designated for crushing or the like such as a mortar or a knife used only for dicing may not be used in any manner even if it doesn't involve any prohibition of Tochen. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:2 </ref>
# One should not use an onion slicer (a machine which is made of a set of knifes that surrounds the onion and dices it). <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:3 [I'm not entirely clear about what an onion slicer is.] </ref>
# One should not use an onion slicer (a machine which is made of a set of knifes that surrounds the onion and dices it). <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3 [I'm not entirely clear about what an onion slicer is.] </ref>
# A vegetable chopper (with blades fitted with springs on an axis) is forbidden since it chops vegetables thinly. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:3 </ref>
# A vegetable chopper (with blades fitted with springs on an axis) is forbidden since it chops vegetables thinly. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3 </ref>
# An egg slicer (with equally spaced wires that slice the egg when pressed) is permitted. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:3 </ref>
# An egg slicer (with equally spaced wires that slice the egg when pressed) is permitted. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3 </ref>
# A special cheese knife isn’t a utensil designated to be used for chopping finely. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:11 </ref>
# A special cheese knife isn’t a utensil designated to be used for chopping finely. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 </ref>
# One may cut bread in a machine (manual, non-electric) which cuts slices of bread. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:11 (note) </ref>
# One may cut bread in a machine (manual, non-electric) which cuts slices of bread. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 (note) </ref>
# It’s forbidden to grind coffee beans it a grinder meant for it. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 377) </ref>
# It’s forbidden to grind coffee beans it a grinder meant for it. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 377) </ref>
# It’s permissible to cut vegetables on a cutting board even if it makes line in the board. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 389) </ref>
# It’s permissible to cut vegetables on a cutting board even if it makes line in the board. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 389) </ref>
# It’s permissible to use a peeler to peel vegetables on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 391) </ref>
# It’s permissible to use a peeler to peel vegetables on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 391) </ref>
==Raw fruit or vegetables==
==Raw fruit or vegetables==
# Raw fruits or vegetables may not be crushed or cut finely but only may be cut in slightly large pieces. One should also be careful to only cut it into large pieces right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# Raw fruits or vegetables may not be crushed or cut finely but only may be cut in slightly large pieces. One should also be careful to only cut it into large pieces right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# According to Sephardim, it is permissible to cut up vegetables for a salad even into small pieces only if one is going to eat it right away. It is also considered right away if one makes the salad right before beginning the meal in which it will be eaten. Nonetheless, the one who cuts up the vegetables for the salad into big pieces will be blessed.  <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 382) </ref>
# According to Sephardim, it is permissible to cut up vegetables for a salad even into small pieces only if one is going to eat it right away. It is also considered right away if one makes the salad right before beginning the meal in which it will be eaten. Nonetheless, the one who cuts up the vegetables for the salad into big pieces will be blessed.  <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 382) </ref>
# If one made a salad for one meal and there was left over one is allowed to eat it in another meal. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 389) </ref>
# If one made a salad for one meal and there was left over one is allowed to eat it in another meal. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 389) </ref>
# For a child or someone who can't eat large pieces there is what to rely on to cut it up into small pieces as long as one does so right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# For a child or someone who can't eat large pieces there is what to rely on to cut it up into small pieces as long as one does so right before the meal. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# It's forbidden to crush a banana or avocado unless it's already so soft that when one pulls a part of the fruit, that part separates from the rest of the fruit. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:7 </ref>
# It's forbidden to crush a banana or avocado unless it's already so soft that when one pulls a part of the fruit, that part separates from the rest of the fruit. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:7 </ref>
# One may not crush a banana or tomato even if afterwards it while remain a cohesive mush. For someone whom it is hard to eat such food it is permissible as one does a Shinui (change) by using a spoon or the back of the fork and not the prongs of the fork which are usually used during the week. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:8 </ref>
# One may not crush a banana or tomato even if afterwards it while remain a cohesive mush. For someone whom it is hard to eat such food it is permissible as one does a Shinui (change) by using a spoon or the back of the fork and not the prongs of the fork which are usually used during the week. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:8 </ref>


==Cooked fruit or vegetables==
==Cooked fruit or vegetables==
# Fruits or vegetables which were cooked to the point that it's easy to crush may be crushed on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:9 </ref>
# Fruits or vegetables which were cooked to the point that it's easy to crush may be crushed on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:9 </ref>
# Potatoes or vegetables which were cooked may not be put through a strainer in order to puree it (as the strainer is designated for that purpose) but one is permitted to crush it with a fork (even the prongs) as long as it was cooked to the point that it's easy to crush. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:10 </ref>
# Potatoes or vegetables which were cooked may not be put through a strainer in order to puree it (as the strainer is designated for that purpose) but one is permitted to crush it with a fork (even the prongs) as long as it was cooked to the point that it's easy to crush. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:10 </ref>
==Pre-crushed food==
==Pre-crushed food==
# Food which was made from crushed particles may be crushed on [[Shabbat]] (not using a utensil designated for crushed but rather a regular knife) if one is going to eat it on [[Shabbat]]. For example one may crush matza, bread, crackers, chocolate, and sugar. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:11 </ref>
# Food which was made from crushed particles may be crushed on [[Shabbat]] (not using a utensil designated for crushed but rather a regular knife) if one is going to eat it on [[Shabbat]]. For example one may crush matza, bread, crackers, chocolate, and sugar. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 </ref>
# Salt granules which solidified because of a moisture may be crushed on [[Shabbat]], however, one may not crush salt crystals (looking like blocks) or any other spice which has never yet been crushed unless one does two Shinui's (changes) by using the handle of the knife or fork on a plate or the table. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:11 </ref>
# Salt granules which solidified because of a moisture may be crushed on [[Shabbat]], however, one may not crush salt crystals (looking like blocks) or any other spice which has never yet been crushed unless one does two Shinui's (changes) by using the handle of the knife or fork on a plate or the table. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 </ref>
# Food which was crushed very well before [[Shabbat]] or on [[Shabbat]] in a permissible may may be further cut on [[Shabbat]] even in the normal fashion. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:12 </ref>
# Food which was crushed very well before [[Shabbat]] or on [[Shabbat]] in a permissible may may be further cut on [[Shabbat]] even in the normal fashion. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:12 </ref>
# One may pour hot water (even from a Kli Rishon) onto farina, rice porridge, or corn flour and mix it around even crushing the clump with a spoon. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:13 </ref>
# One may pour hot water (even from a Kli Rishon) onto farina, rice porridge, or corn flour and mix it around even crushing the clump with a spoon. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:13 </ref>
==Cooked fruits and vegetables==
==Cooked fruits and vegetables==
# There’s no prohibition of grinding concerning fruit or vegetables cooked to the extent that it’s soft and easy to mash such as jam. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:9 </ref>
# There’s no prohibition of grinding concerning fruit or vegetables cooked to the extent that it’s soft and easy to mash such as jam. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:9 </ref>
# One shouldn’t use a fork to mash a cooked fruit or vegetable unless it was partly crushed out of shape before or during the cooking and is easily mashed. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:10. Orchot [[Shabbat]] 1:5:9 </ref>
# One shouldn’t use a fork to mash a cooked fruit or vegetable unless it was partly crushed out of shape before or during the cooking and is easily mashed. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:10. Orchot [[Shabbat]] 1:5:9 </ref>
# One shouldn’t use a strainer to puree or cream a cooked fruit or vegetable since the strainer has a designated purpose of being used to mash. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:10 </ref>
# One shouldn’t use a strainer to puree or cream a cooked fruit or vegetable since the strainer has a designated purpose of being used to mash. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:10 </ref>
==Foods which don't grow from the ground==
==Foods which don't grow from the ground==
# Foods which don't grow from the ground such as cooked eggs, meat, or fish may be crushed on [[Shabbat]] (not using a utensil designated for crushing) if one plans on eating it that [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:14, Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 391) </ref>  
# Foods which don't grow from the ground such as cooked eggs, meat, or fish may be crushed on [[Shabbat]] (not using a utensil designated for crushing) if one plans on eating it that [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:14, Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 3, pg 391) </ref>  
==Grinding for a small child==
==Grinding for a small child==
# One can be lenient to cut a food very small for a small child to eat so long as it’s immediately prior to the meal. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# One can be lenient to cut a food very small for a small child to eat so long as it’s immediately prior to the meal. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6 </ref>
# It’s forbidden to mash or squash a fruit or vegetable such as a banana or tomato. If one has to mash a banana for a small child one should do it with a variation such as using the handle of a fork or a spoon. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 6:8 </ref>
# It’s forbidden to mash or squash a fruit or vegetable such as a banana or tomato. If one has to mash a banana for a small child one should do it with a variation such as using the handle of a fork or a spoon. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:8 </ref>


==Related Pages==
==Related Pages==

Revision as of 14:39, 5 March 2012

Definition

  1. There is a biblical violation of grinding when grinding wheat, barley, spices, spices, and the like. Similarly, it’s biblically forbidden to saw wood for the sawdust. [1]
  2. The prohibition of Tochen (grinding) includes chopping, grating, crushing, mashing, shredding, or breaking something into small pieces. [2]
  3. Tochen also applies to non-foods for example it's forbidden to crush a clod of dirt, shave splinters off a piece of wood, sawing wood with intent for the dust. [3]

Utensils designed for grinding

  1. Any tool which is designated for crushing or the like such as a mortar or a knife used only for dicing may not be used in any manner even if it doesn't involve any prohibition of Tochen. [4]
  2. One should not use an onion slicer (a machine which is made of a set of knifes that surrounds the onion and dices it). [5]
  3. A vegetable chopper (with blades fitted with springs on an axis) is forbidden since it chops vegetables thinly. [6]
  4. An egg slicer (with equally spaced wires that slice the egg when pressed) is permitted. [7]
  5. A special cheese knife isn’t a utensil designated to be used for chopping finely. [8]
  6. One may cut bread in a machine (manual, non-electric) which cuts slices of bread. [9]
  7. It’s forbidden to grind coffee beans it a grinder meant for it. [10]
  8. It’s permissible to cut vegetables on a cutting board even if it makes line in the board. [11]
  9. It’s permissible to use a peeler to peel vegetables on Shabbat. [12]

Raw fruit or vegetables

  1. Raw fruits or vegetables may not be crushed or cut finely but only may be cut in slightly large pieces. One should also be careful to only cut it into large pieces right before the meal. [13]
  2. According to Sephardim, it is permissible to cut up vegetables for a salad even into small pieces only if one is going to eat it right away. It is also considered right away if one makes the salad right before beginning the meal in which it will be eaten. Nonetheless, the one who cuts up the vegetables for the salad into big pieces will be blessed. [14]
  3. If one made a salad for one meal and there was left over one is allowed to eat it in another meal. [15]
  4. For a child or someone who can't eat large pieces there is what to rely on to cut it up into small pieces as long as one does so right before the meal. [16]
  5. It's forbidden to crush a banana or avocado unless it's already so soft that when one pulls a part of the fruit, that part separates from the rest of the fruit. [17]
  6. One may not crush a banana or tomato even if afterwards it while remain a cohesive mush. For someone whom it is hard to eat such food it is permissible as one does a Shinui (change) by using a spoon or the back of the fork and not the prongs of the fork which are usually used during the week. [18]

Cooked fruit or vegetables

  1. Fruits or vegetables which were cooked to the point that it's easy to crush may be crushed on Shabbat. [19]
  2. Potatoes or vegetables which were cooked may not be put through a strainer in order to puree it (as the strainer is designated for that purpose) but one is permitted to crush it with a fork (even the prongs) as long as it was cooked to the point that it's easy to crush. [20]

Pre-crushed food

  1. Food which was made from crushed particles may be crushed on Shabbat (not using a utensil designated for crushed but rather a regular knife) if one is going to eat it on Shabbat. For example one may crush matza, bread, crackers, chocolate, and sugar. [21]
  2. Salt granules which solidified because of a moisture may be crushed on Shabbat, however, one may not crush salt crystals (looking like blocks) or any other spice which has never yet been crushed unless one does two Shinui's (changes) by using the handle of the knife or fork on a plate or the table. [22]
  3. Food which was crushed very well before Shabbat or on Shabbat in a permissible may may be further cut on Shabbat even in the normal fashion. [23]
  4. One may pour hot water (even from a Kli Rishon) onto farina, rice porridge, or corn flour and mix it around even crushing the clump with a spoon. [24]

Cooked fruits and vegetables

  1. There’s no prohibition of grinding concerning fruit or vegetables cooked to the extent that it’s soft and easy to mash such as jam. [25]
  2. One shouldn’t use a fork to mash a cooked fruit or vegetable unless it was partly crushed out of shape before or during the cooking and is easily mashed. [26]
  3. One shouldn’t use a strainer to puree or cream a cooked fruit or vegetable since the strainer has a designated purpose of being used to mash. [27]

Foods which don't grow from the ground

  1. Foods which don't grow from the ground such as cooked eggs, meat, or fish may be crushed on Shabbat (not using a utensil designated for crushing) if one plans on eating it that Shabbat. [28]

Grinding for a small child

  1. One can be lenient to cut a food very small for a small child to eat so long as it’s immediately prior to the meal. [29]
  2. It’s forbidden to mash or squash a fruit or vegetable such as a banana or tomato. If one has to mash a banana for a small child one should do it with a variation such as using the handle of a fork or a spoon. [30]

Related Pages

  1. [[Medicine on Shabbat|Taking Medicine on Shabbat]] (which is a rabbinic decree because of grinding)

References

  1. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377)
  2. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1
  3. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:1 in the note, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377)
  4. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:2
  5. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3 [I'm not entirely clear about what an onion slicer is.]
  6. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3
  7. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:3
  8. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11
  9. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11 (note)
  10. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 377)
  11. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 389)
  12. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 391)
  13. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6
  14. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 382)
  15. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 389)
  16. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6
  17. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:7
  18. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:8
  19. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:9
  20. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:10
  21. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11
  22. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:11
  23. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:12
  24. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:13
  25. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:9
  26. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:10. Orchot Shabbat 1:5:9
  27. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:10
  28. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:14, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 3, pg 391)
  29. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:6
  30. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 6:8